System For Producing A Hydrogen Enriched Fuel
A system ( 10 ) for producing a hydrogen enriched fuel includes a steam reformer ( 12 ) configured to produce an impure hydrogen-rich gas stream which includes a composition of hydrogen and impurities in selected quantities. The system ( 10 ) also includes a blending apparatus ( 14 ) configured to blend the impure hydrogen-rich gas stream with a hydrocarbon fuel in a predefined ratio. The system ( 10 ) can also include a compressor ( 16 ), a storage container ( 18 ), a fuel dispensing system ( 20 ) and a vehicle ( 22 ) having an engine ( 26 ) configured to burn the hydrogen enriched fuel. A method for producing the hydrogen enriched fuel includes the steps of producing the hydrogen-rich gas stream, and then blending the hydrogen-rich gas stream and the hydrocarbon fuel into the hydrogen enriched fuel at the predefined ratio.
1 . A system for producing a hydrogen enriched fuel comprising:
a reformer configured to react water vapor (steam) and a hydrocarbon in the presence of a catalyst at a selected temperature and a selected pressure to form a hydrogen-rich gas comprising greater than 50% by volume of hydrogen, less than 20% by volume of hydrocarbon and impurities in selected quantities including carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide; and
a gas blending apparatus in flow communication with the reformer and with a source of a hydrocarbon fuel configured to blend the hydrogen-rich gas and the hydrocarbon fuel at a predefined ratio to produce the hydrogen enriched alternative fuel with a selected composition comprising from about 10-25% by volume of hydrogen, and selected percentages by volume of hydrocarbon, hydrocarbon fuel and impurities;
the gas blending apparatus comprising a hydrogen-rich gas chamber configured to receive the hydrogen-rich gas, a hydrocarbon fuel chamber configured to receive the hydrocarbon fuel, and a blending chamber in flow communication with the hydrogen chamber and the hydrocarbon fuel chamber configured to mix the hydrogen-rich gas and the hydrocarbon fuel.
2 . The system of claim 1 wherein the hydrogen-rich gas comprises from 50% to 75% by volume of hydrogen, from 0% to 20% by volume of methane, from 5% to 20% by volume of carbon monoxide, and from 5% to 15% by volume of carbon dioxide.
3 . The system of claim 1 wherein the hydrogen-rich gas comprises 68% to 72% by volume of hydrogen, 4% to 6% by volume of methane, 9% to 11% by volume of carbon dioxide, 0.1% to 0.3% by volume of carbon monoxide, 1% to 3% non-methane hydrocarbons, and 1% to 3% nitrous oxide.
4 . The system of claim 1 wherein the hydrogen enriched fuel comprises from 10% to 25% by volume of hydrogen, from 62% to 88% by volume of methane, from 1% to 7% by volume of carbon monoxide, and from 1% to 5% by volume of carbon dioxide.
5 . The system of claim 1 further comprising a storage system in flow communication with the gas blending apparatus configured to store the hydrogen enriched fuel.
6 . The system of claim 1 further comprising a dispensing system configured to dispense the hydrogen enriched fuel to a vehicle.
7 . The system of claim 1 further comprising a carbon dioxide scrubber in flow communication with the reformer configured to remove carbon dioxide from the hydrogen-rich gas stream.
8 . The system of claim 1 further comprising a shift reactor in flow communication with the reformer configured to react carbon monoxide in the hydrogen-rich gas stream with steam to form additional hydrogen and carbon dioxide
9 . The system of claim 1 further comprising a shift reactor in flow communication with the reformer configured to react carbon monoxide in the hydrogen-rich gas with steam to form additional hydrogen and carbon dioxide and a carbon dioxide scrubber in flow communication with the shift reactor configured to remove carbon dioxide from the hydrogen-rich gas.
10 . The system of claim 1 wherein the system is located proximate to a refueling station for alternative fueled vehicles.
11 . The system of claim 1 further comprising a vehicle having an engine configured to burn the hydrogen enriched fuel wherein the reactor and the blending apparatus are located on board the vehicle.
12 . A system for producing a hydrogen enriched fuel comprising:
a vehicle having an engine configured to burn the hydrogen enriched fuel;
a reformer on board the vehicle configured to react water vapor (steam) and methane in the presence of a catalyst at a selected temperature and a selected pressure to form a hydrogen-rich gas comprising greater than 50% by volume of hydrogen, less than 20% by volume of a hydrocarbon and impurities in selected quantities including carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide; and
a gas blending apparatus on board the vehicles in flow communication with the reformer and with a source of a hydrocarbon fuel configured to blend the hydrogen-rich gas and the hydrocarbon fuel at a predefined ratio to produce the hydrogen enriched alternative fuel with a selected composition comprising from about 10-25% by volume of hydrogen, and selected percentages by volume of hydrocarbon, hydrocarbon fuel and impurities.
13 . The system of claim 12 wherein the gas blending apparatus comprises a hydrogen-rich gas chamber configured to receive the hydrogen-rich gas, a hydrocarbon fuel chamber configured to receive the hydrocarbon fuel, and a blending chamber in flow communication with the hydrogen chamber and the hydrocarbon fuel chamber configured to mix the hydrogen-rich gas and the hydrocarbon fuel.
14 . The system of claim 12 further comprising a control module on the vehicle configured to gather data relating to emissions, fuel consumption and engine performance.
15 . The system of claim 12 further comprising a carbon dioxide scrubber in flow communication with the reformer configured to remove carbon dioxide from the hydrogen-rich gas stream.
16 . The system of claim 12 further comprising a shift reactor in flow communication with the reformer configured to react carbon monoxide in the hydrogen-rich gas stream with steam to form additional hydrogen and carbon dioxide
17 . The system of claim 12 further comprising a shift reactor in flow communication with the reformer configured to react carbon monoxide in the hydrogen-rich gas with steam to form additional hydrogen and carbon dioxide and a carbon dioxide scrubber in flow communication with the shift reactor configured to remove carbon dioxide from the hydrogen-rich gas.
18 . The system of claim 12 wherein the hydrogen-rich gas comprises from 50% to 75% by volume of hydrogen, from 0% to 20% by volume of methane, from 5% to 20% by volume of carbon monoxide, and from 5% to 15% by volume of carbon dioxide.
19 . The system of claim 12 wherein the hydrogen-rich gas comprises 68% to 72% by volume of hydrogen, 4% to 6% by volume of methane, 9% to 11% by volume of carbon dioxide, 0.1% to 0.3% by volume of carbon monoxide, 1% to 3% non-methane hydrocarbons, and 1% to 3% nitrous oxide.
20 . The system of claim 12 wherein the hydrogen enriched fuel comprises from 10% to 25% by volume of hydrogen, from 62% to 88% by volume of methane, from 1% to 7% by volume of carbon monoxide, and from 1% to 5% by volume of carbon dioxide.