Gas hydrate protection with heat producing two-component gas hydrate inhibitors
Methods and compositions useful in inhibiting the formation, growth, and/or maintenance of gas hydrates in a fluid mixture. The gas hydrate inhibitors comprise polyetheramines and acids that are exothermically reacted in situ to produce polyetherammonium compounds.
1. A method of inhibiting the formation, growth, maintenance, or combinations thereof of gas hydrates in a fluid mixture comprising a gaseous phase and a liquid phase, the method comprising:
(a) combining a polyetheramine and an acid with the fluid mixture, the polyetheramine having a formula:
RHN—(PO) n -(EO) m —CR′HCH 2 —NH 2
wherein PO=propylene oxide,
n=0-10,
EO=ethylene oxide,
m=0-10,
R=—H or H 2 N—(PO) n -(EO) m —CH 2 CH 2 —,
R′=H or CH 3 and
m+n is greater than or equal to 1;
(b) producing a polyetherammonium compound in the fluid mixture from the exothermic reaction of the polyetheramine and the acid; and
(c) inhibiting the formation, growth, maintenance or combination thereof of gas hydrates in the fluid mixture from the heat generated during the exothermic reaction and the produced polyetherammonium compound.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein step (b) further comprises increasing the temperature of the fluid mixture with the polyetherammonium compound and water.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the polyetheramine is present in an amount ranging from about 0.1 wt. % to about 2 wt. % of the fluid mixture and the acid is present in an equimolar amount to the polyetheramine.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the fluid mixture in step (b) has a rise in temperature of up to about 16° C.
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the heat generated during the exothermic reaction and the polyetherammonium compound that is produced in situ in step (b) at least partially dissolves existing gas hydrates in the fluid mixture.
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the fluid mixture is contained within a producing well, a pipeline, a refinery process stream, a storage facility, a formation, or combinations thereof.
7. The method of claim 1 , further comprising adding a kinetic gas hydrate inhibitor to the polyetheramine and the acid in step (a).
8. A method of inhibiting the formation, growth, maintenance, or combinations thereof of gas hydrates in a fluid mixture comprising a gaseous phase and a liquid phase, the method comprising:
(a) exothermally reacting a polyetheramine and an acid in the fluid mixture and producing in situ in the fluid a polyetherammonium compound, wherein the polyetherammonium compound and the heat generated from the exothermic reaction increases the temperature of the fluid mixture and further wherein the polyetherammonium compound is produced in a water miscible solvent; and
(b) inhibiting the formation, growth, maintenance, or combinations thereof of gas hydrates in the fluid mixture with the polyetherammonium compound and the heat generated from the exothermic reaction
wherein the polyetherammonium compound is of the formula:
RHN—(PO) n -(EO) m —CR′HCH 2 —NH 3 + A −
wherein PO=propylene oxide,
n=0-10,
EO=ethylene oxide,
m=0-10,
m+n is greater than or equal to 1,
R=—H or H 2 N—(PO) n -(EO) m —CH 2 CH 2 —,
R′=H or CH 3 , and
A=Cl, Br, I, SO 4 , OH, or CH 3 COO.
9. The method of claim 8 , further comprising increasing the temperature of the fluid mixture in step (a) with the polyetherammonium compound and water.
10. The method of claim 8 , wherein the polyetheramine is present in an amount ranging from about 0.1 wt. % to about 2 wt. % of the fluid mixture and the acid is present in an equimolar amount to the polyetheramine.
11. The method of claim 8 , wherein the acid is an organic acid, a mineral acid, or combinations thereof.
12. The method of claim 8 , wherein the fluid mixture has a rise in temperature in step (a) of up to about 16° C.
13. The method of claim 8 , wherein the polyetherammonium compound that is produced in situ and the heat generated from the exothermic reaction at least partially dissolves existing gas hydrates in the fluid mixture.
14. The method of claim 8 , wherein the fluid mixture is contained within a producing well, a pipeline, a refinery process stream, a storage facility, a formation, or combinations thereof.
15. The method of claim 8 , further comprising adding a kinetic gas hydrate inhibitor to the polyetheramine and the acid in step (a).
16. The method of claim 8 , wherein the water miscible solvent is methanol, ethanol, butanol or a glycol.
17. A method of inhibiting the formation, growth, maintenance, or combinations thereof of gas hydrates in a fluid mixture in a producing well, pipeline, refinery process stream, storage facility, a formation or a combination thereof comprising:
(a) reacting in the producing well, pipeline, refinery, process stream, storage facility, formation or combination thereof a polyetheramine and an acid in a fluid mixture to produce in situ a polyetherammonium compound in the well, pipeline, refinery, process stream, storage facility, formation or combination thereof, wherein the reaction of the polyetheramine and acid is exothermic and further wherein the fluid mixture comprises a gaseous phase and a liquid phase; and
(b) inhibiting the formation, growth, maintenance, or combinations thereof of gas hydrates in the fluid mixture with the polyetherammonium compound and the heat generated from the exothermic reaction
wherein the polyetherammonium compound is of the formula:
RHN—(PO) n -(EO) m —CR′HCH 2 —NH 3 + A −
wherein PO=propylene oxide,
n=0-10,
EO=ethylene oxide,
m=0-10,
m+n is greater than or equal to 1,
R=H or H 2 N—(PO) n -(EO) m —CH 2 CH 2 —,
R′=H or CH 3 , and
A=Cl, Br, I, SO 4 , OH, or CH 3 COO.
18. The method of claim 17 , wherein the polyetheramine is diethyleneglycoldiamine; polyoxyalkylenediamines; polyoxypropylene diamines; poly(ethylene oxide capped oxypropylene)etherdiamines; propylene oxide-based triamines; triethyleneglycoldiamines; or combinations thereof and the acid is an organic acid, a mineral acid, or combinations thereof.
19. The method of claim 17 , wherein step (a) further comprises increasing the temperature of the fluid mixture with the polyetherammonium compound and water.
20. The method of claim 17 , further comprising adding a kinetic gas hydrate inhibitor to the polyetheramine and the acid in step (a).