Ambient noise reduction arrangements

1. An ambient noise reducing arrangement comprising:

a housing;

a loudspeaker having an intrinsic response time, supported within said housing, for directing sound energy into an ear of a listener when disposed adjacent an entry location to the auditory canal of the ear;

a plurality of microphones positioned to sense ambient noise approaching said entry location; and

circuitry for converting the sensed ambient noise into electrical signals for application to said loudspeaker to generate an acoustic signal opposing said ambient noise;

the arrangement being such that the time-of-flight of the sensed ambient noise from said microphones to said entry location is matched to said intrinsic response time, such that said acoustic signal is generated by said loudspeaker means in substantial time alignment with the arrival of said ambient noise at said entry location.

2. An arrangement according to claim 1 configured such that said acoustic signal and said ambient noise are time aligned at said entry location to 40 μs or less.

3. An arrangement according to claim 2 configured such that said acoustic signal and said ambient noise are time aligned at said entry location to 25 μs or less.

4. An arrangement according to claim 1 wherein said plurality of microphones is configured into an array adjacent the perimeter of an ear pad forming part at least of said housing for said loudspeaker.

5. An arrangement according to claim 4 , wherein the loudspeaker is disposed within the housing such that there is a known radial distance from the loudspeaker means to each microphone.

6. An arrangement according to claim 4 , wherein said array of microphones extends around the periphery of said ear pad.

7. An arrangement according to claim 6 , wherein said microphone means are substantially equi-angularly distributed around said periphery.

8. An arrangement according to claim 1 , wherein said array of microphone means is provided around, and radially spaced from, a loudspeaker aperture of a mobile telephone handset.

9. An arrangement according to claim 1 , wherein the path followed by ambient noise from the microphones to the vicinity of the loudspeaker provides sufficient time for the noise-reducing acoustic signal to be generated such that the required time alignment is achieved.

10. An arrangement according to claim 1 , wherein the microphones are positioned to respond, as a whole, substantially uniformly to ambient sound incident upon the earphone from a substantial range of angles.

11. An arrangement according to claim 1 , wherein said plurality of microphones comprises at least three microphone devices disposed substantially equi-angularly along a common, substantially circular locus.

12. An arrangement according to claim 11 , wherein elements of electrical componentry configured to interconnect the microphones and/or to convey their outputs to a common location for processing are distributed along said locus.

13. An arrangement according to claim 12 , wherein some at least of the electrical componentry is configured as a printed circuit.

14. An arrangement according to claim 12 , wherein the processing comprises one or more of: combination, phase inversion and amplitude adjustment.

15. An arrangement according to claim 1 , wherein each said microphone is exposed to the ambient noise by way of a respective aperture and conduit.

16. An arrangement according to claim 15 , further comprising one or more acoustic elements associated with each said aperture and conduit and tuned to one or more selected ambient noise features in order to provide enhanced noise reduction in respect of said one or more specific features.

17. An arrangement according to claim 16 , wherein said acoustic elements consist of or include one or more of Helmholtz resonators and quarter-wave resonant conduits.

18. An arrangement according to claim 1 , wherein the acoustic projection axis of the loudspeaker is in substantial alignment with the longitudinal axis of a listener's ear canal.

19. An arrangement according to claim 1 , wherein each said microphone is an electret microphone.

20. An arrangement according to claim 19 , wherein each said electret microphone is operated in saturation.

21. An arrangement according to claim 1 wherein said microphones are connected in parallel.

22. An ambient noise reducing arrangement, comprising:

a housing;

a loudspeaker, supported within said housing, for directing sound energy into an ear of a listener when disposed adjacent an entry location to the auditory canal of the ear;

an array of microphones, located around the loudspeaker at equal radial distances from the loudspeaker, said microphones being positioned to sense ambient noise approaching said entry location; and

circuitry for converting the sensed ambient noise into electrical signals for application to said loudspeaker to generate an acoustic signal opposing said ambient noise,

said equal radial distances being such that said acoustic signal is generated by said loudspeaker in substantial time alignment with the arrival of said ambient noise at the entry location.

23. A headphone, having an ambient noise reducing arrangement, the headphone comprising:

a housing;

a loudspeaker, located within said housing, for directing sound energy into an ear of a listener when disposed adjacent an entry location to the auditory canal of the ear;

an array of microphones, located around the loudspeaker such that each microphone is positioned to sense ambient noise approaching said entry location from a respective direction; and

circuitry for converting the sensed ambient noise into electrical signals for application to said loudspeaker to generate an acoustic signal opposing said ambient noise,

the arrangement being such that said acoustic signal is generated by said loudspeaker in substantial time alignment with the arrival of said ambient noise at the entry location, regardless of the direction from which the ambient noise approaches said entry location.