Fast hybrid helicopter with long range with longitudinal trim control
View Patent ↗A hybrid helicopter includes an airframe provided with a fuselage and a lift-producing surface together with stabilizer surfaces and a drive system including: a mechanical interconnection system between a rotor of radius (R) with collective pitch and cyclic pitch control of the blades of the rotor and at least one propeller with collective pitch control of the blades of the propeller; and at least one turbine engine driving the mechanical interconnection system. The hybrid helicopter includes first members for controlling the angle at which the at least one pitch control surface is set as a function of the bending moment exerted on the rotor mast relative to the pitch axis of the hybrid helicopter, and second members for controlling the cyclic pitch of the blades of the rotor in order to control the longitudinal trim of the hybrid helicopter as a function of flight conditions.
1. A hybrid helicopter having a long range and a high forward speed, the helicopter comprising:
an airframe comprising:
a fuselage;
a lift-producing surface secured to the fuselage; and
stabilizing and maneuvering surfaces comprising: a horizontal stabilizer with at least one pitch control surface that is movable relative to a front portion of the horizontal stabilizer; and at least one suitable stabilizer; and
an integrated drive system comprising:
a mechanical interconnection system connected between a rotor of a radius with collective pitch and cyclic pitch control of the blades of said rotor, and at least one propeller with collective pitch control of the blades of said propeller; and
at least one turbine engine driving the mechanical interconnection system;
the helicopter comprising a pitch control surface system for controlling the angle at which said at least one pitch control surface is set as a function of the bending moment exerted on the rotor mast relative to the pitch axis of said hybrid helicopter, and a cyclic pitch system for controlling the cyclic pitch of the blades of said rotor in order to control the longitudinal trim of the hybrid helicopter as a function of flight conditions, wherein said pitch control surface system and said cyclic pitch system communicate with a flight computer to automatically control the pitch control surface and the cyclic pitch of the blades.
2. A hybrid helicopter according to claim 1 , wherein said pitch control surface system automatically controls the angle at which said at least one pitch control surface is set as a function of the bending moment exerted on the rotor mast relative to the pitch axis of said hybrid helicopter.
3. A hybrid helicopter according to claim 2 , wherein said pitch control surface system and said flight computer controls an electric actuator turning said at least one pitch control surface about an axis through an angle that adapts the tilting moment of said hybrid helicopter to said first setpoint value.
4. A hybrid helicopter according to claim 2 , wherein, by automatically controlling the angle at which said at least one pitch control surface is set, said pitch control surface system adjusts the tilting moment of said hybrid helicopter to a first setpoint value.
5. A hybrid helicopter according to claim 4 , wherein said first setpoint value for the tilting moment of said hybrid helicopter is equal to zero.
6. A hybrid helicopter according to claim 4 , wherein the flight computer determines the bending moment exerted on the rotor mast, as deduced from information delivered by sensors, said flight computer ceasing to move said at least one pitch control surface when the bending moment exerted on the rotor mast lies in a predetermined range corresponding substantially to the first setpoint value for the tilting moment of said hybrid helicopter.
7. A hybrid helicopter according to claim 6 , wherein the sensors are strain gauges placed on the rotor mast.
8. A hybrid helicopter according to claim 1 , wherein the cyclic pitch system adapts the longitudinal pitch of said hybrid helicopter to a second setpoint value.
9. A hybrid helicopter according to claim 8 , wherein said second setpoint value for the longitudinal trim is equal to the value of the slope of the flight path of said hybrid helicopter.
10. A hybrid helicopter according to claim 8 , wherein said second setpoint value for the longitudinal trim of said hybrid helicopter is equal to zero.
11. A hybrid helicopter according to claim 1 , wherein said pitch control surface system is independent of said cyclic pitch system.
12. A hybrid helicopter according to claim 1 , wherein said cyclic pitch system comprises a cyclic pitch stick that controls servo-controls for imposing the cyclic pitch of the blades of the rotor via a swashplate and pitch levers.
13. A hybrid helicopter according to claim 1 , wherein said cyclic pitch system is associated with a device for automatically servo-controlling the longitudinal pitch of the hybrid helicopter to the slope of the flight path of said hybrid helicopter, said automatic servo-control device being integrated in an autopilot specifically including a GPS for determining said flight path slope and an attitude and heading reference system for defining the trim of the hybrid helicopter so as to deduce therefrom the angle of incidence of the fuselage of said hybrid helicopter relative to the air and reduce it to zero, together with an anemometer installation for correcting errors associated with disturbances due to wind.
14. A hybrid helicopter according to claim 1 , wherein said pitch control surface system automatically controls the angle at which two pitch control surfaces are set as a function of the bending moment of the rotor mast relative to the tilting axis of said hybrid helicopter.