Lubricious coatings

1 . A medical device comprising a surface coated with a first layer proximal to the surface, the first layer including an ethylene/acrylic acid copolymer.

2 . The device of claim 1 , wherein the first layer further includes an epoxy resin.

3 . The device of claim 1 , wherein the device is a blade device.

4 . The device of claim 1 , further comprising a second layer coated on the first layer, the second layer including an aromatic polycarbonate based polyurethane.

5 . The device of claim 4 , wherein the second layer further includes a cellulose based polymer.

6 . The device of claim 4 , further comprising a third layer coated on the second layer, the third layer including a polyvinyl pyrrolidone.

7 . The device of claim 6 , wherein the third layer further includes a cellulose based polymer.

8 . The device of claim 7 , wherein the first layer is coated on the surface by dip-coating with a solution comprising the ethylene/acrylic acid copolymer, an epoxy resin, tetrahydrofuran, dimethyl acetamide, anisole, and xylenes, and drying.

9 . The device of claim 8 , wherein the second layer is coated on the first layer by dip-coating with a solution comprising an aromatic polycarbonate based polyurethane, a nitrocellulose, dimethylacetamide, anisole, methyl ethyl ketone, and n-butanol, and drying.

10 . The device of claim 9 , wherein the third layer is coated on the second layer by dip-coating with a solution comprising a polyvinylpyrrolidone, a nitrocellulose, 4-butyrolactone, ethanol, benzyl alcohol, cyclohexanone, and isopropanol, and drying.

11 . A medical device comprising a surface coated with a first layer proximal to the surface, the first layer including a cellulose based polymer, a urethane, a melamine resin, and a cross-linkable acrylic resin.

12 . The device of claim 11 , wherein the device is a guidewire.

13 . The device of claim 11 , further comprising a second layer coated on the first layer, the second layer including a nitrocellulose, a polyvinylpyrollidone, and a plasticizer.

14 . The device of claim 13 , wherein the plasticizer is a poly(alkylene oxide).

15 . The device of claim 14 , wherein the urethane is Tycel 7000, the melamine resin is Cymel 248-8, and the cross-linkable acrylic resin is Paraloid AT-746.

16 . The device of claim 15 , wherein the polyvinylpyrollidone is PVP K90, and the poly(alkylene oxide) is a polyethylene glycol 400.

17 . A medical device comprising a surface coated with a first layer proximal to the surface, the first layer being coated on the surface by contacting the surface with a solution comprising ethanol, benzyl alcohol, cyclohexanone, tetrahydrofuran, a nitrocellulose, 4-butyrlactone, and a polyvinylpyrrolidone, and drying.

18 . The device of claim 17 , wherein the device is a catheter.

19 . The device of claim 18 , wherein the surface is a thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer.

20 . The device of claim 19 , wherein the thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer is a pellethane.

21 . A medical device comprising a surface coating bonded to a surface of the device, wherein the coating swells when exposed to body fluids; wherein the coating provides a substantial reduction in surface friction after swelling.

22 . The medical device of claim 21 , wherein the coating comprises multiple layers.

23 . The medical device of claim 21 , wherein the coating comprises a polyvinylpyrrolidone, a polyvinylpyrrolidone/vinyl acetate copolymer, and a polyethylene glycol.

24 . The medical device of claim 23 , wherein the coating further comprises a cellulose ester, a polyvinyl chloride, an acrylic polymer or copolymer, a polyurethane, a polyamide polymer, a polyimide polymer, or an epoxy resin.

25 . The medical device of claim 23 , wherein the polyvinylpyrrolidone has a molecular weight of at least 80 kDa.

26 . The medical device of claim 23 , wherein the polyvinylpyrrolidone has a molecular weight in the range of 90 kDa to 1,200 kDa.

27 . The medical device of claim 23 , wherein the cellulose ester is a nitrocellulose.

28 . The medical device of claim 23 , wherein the device is selected from the group consisting of a catheter, an arterial catheter, a short-term central venous catheter, a long-term central venous catheter, a peripheral venous catheter, a vascular port catheter, a dialysis device, a guide wire, an introducer, a knife, a needle, an amniocentesis needle, a biopsy needle, an infusion needle, an introducer needle, a suture needle, an obdurator, a pacemaker, a pacemaker lead, a penile prosthesis, a scalpel, a shunt, an arteriovenous shunt, a hydrocephalus shunt, a stent, a biliary stent, a coronary stent, a neurological stent, a urological stent, a vascular stent, a syringe, a trocar, a tube, a drain tube, an endotracheal tube, a gastroenteric tube, a nasogastric tube, an intermittent urinary catheter, a Foley catheter, a long-term urinary device, a tissue bonding urinary device, a urinary dilator, a urinary sphincter, a urethral inserts, and a wound drain.

29 . The device of claim 21 , wherein the surface coating includes a first layer proximal to the device surface, the first layer including an ethylene/acrylic acid copolymer.

30 . The device of claim 29 , wherein the first layer further includes an epoxy resin.

31 . The device of claim 29 , wherein the device is selected from the group consisting of a catheter, an arterial catheter, a short-term central venous catheter, a long-term central venous catheter, a peripheral venous catheter, a vascular port catheter, a dialysis device, a guide wire, an introducer, a knife, a needle, an amniocentesis needle, a biopsy needle, an infusion needle, an introducer needle, a suture needle, an obdurator, a pacemaker, a pacemaker lead, a penile prosthesis, a scalpel, a shunt, an arteriovenous shunt, a hydrocephalus shunt, a stent, a biliary stent, a coronary stent, a neurological stent, a urological stent, a vascular stent, a syringe, a trocar, a tube, a drain tube, an endotracheal tube, a gastroenteric tube, a nasogastric tube, an intermittent urinary catheter, a Foley catheter, a long-term urinary device, a tissue bonding urinary device, a urinary dilator, a urinary sphincter, a urethral inserts, and a wound drain.

32 . The device of claim 29 , wherein the surface of the device comprises a metal or metal alloy.

33 . The device of claim 32 , wherein the metal or metal alloy is gold, nitinol, nickel, platinum, stainless steel, tantalum, or titanium.

34 . The device of claim 21 , wherein the surface of the device comprises a polymer or copolymer selected from a silicone, a polyethylene, a polypropylene, a polyester, a polytetrafluoroethylene, a polyamide, a polyimide, and a styrene/isobutylene copolymer.

35 . The device of claim 29 , further comprising a second layer coated on the first layer, the second layer comprising a polyurethane, a poly(vinyl chloride), a polyamide, an acrylate polymer or copolymer, a polyimide, a polyester, a polycarbonate urethane, an aliphatic urethane, an aromatic urethane, or a cellulose ester.

36 . The device of claim 29 , further comprising a third layer coated on the second layer, the third layer including a polyvinylpyrrolidone, a polyethylene glycol, a polyethylene oxide, or a polyvinylpyrrolidone/vinyl acetate copolymer.

37 . The device of claim 36 , wherein the third layer further comprises a cellulose ester, a polyamide, an acrylic polymer/copolymer, an epoxy resin, a melamine resin, a formaldehyde resin, a urethane, or a cross-linkable acrylic resin.

38 . The device of claim 37 , wherein the cellulose ester comprises cellulose nitrate, and the urethane comprises aliphatic urethanes, aromatic urethanes and polycarbonate urethanes.

39 . A medical device having a surface coated with a first layer proximal to the surface, the first layer comprising a cellulose ester, a urethane, a melamine resin, a formaldehyde resin, and a cross-linkable acrylic resin.

40 . The device of claim 39 , further comprising a second layer coated on the first layer, the second layer comprising a nitrocellulose, an aliphatic urethane, an aromatic urethane and a polycarbonate urethane.

41 . The device of claim 39 , wherein the device is selected from the group consisting of a catheter, an arterial catheter, a short-term central venous catheter, a long-term central venous catheter, a peripheral venous catheter, a vascular port catheter, a dialysis device, a guide wire, an introducer, a knife, a needle, an amniocentesis needle, a biopsy needle, an infusion needle, an introducer needle, a suture needle, an obdurator, a pacemaker, a pacemaker lead, a penile prosthesis, a scalpel, a shunt, an arteriovenous shunt, a hydrocephalus shunt, a stent, a biliary stent, a coronary stent, a neurological stent, a urological stent, a vascular stent, a syringe, a trocar, a tube, a drain tube, an endotracheal tube, a gastroenteric tube, a nasogastric tube, an intermittent urinary catheter, a Foley catheter, a long-term urinary device, a tissue bonding urinary device, a urinary dilator, a urinary sphincter, a urethral inserts, and a wound drain.

42 . The device of claim 39 , wherein the surface comprises a metal or a metal alloy.

43 . The device of claim 42 , wherein the metal or metal alloy is gold, nitinol, nickel, platinum, stainless steel, tantalum, or titanium.

44 . A method of making a medical device, comprising forming a first layer on a surface of the device, the first layer including an ethylene/acrylic acid copolymer.

45 . The method of claim 44 , further comprising forming a second layer on the first layer, the second layer including an aromatic polycarbonate based polyurethane.

46 . The method of claim 45 , further comprising forming a third layer on the second layer, the third layer including a polyvinyl pyrrolidone.

47 . The method of claim 44 , wherein forming the first layer includes contacting the surface of the device with a solution comprising the ethylene/acrylic acid copolymer, an epoxy resin, tetrahydrofuran, dimethyl acetamide, anisole, and xylenes, and drying.

48 . The method of claim 44 , wherein forming the second layer includes contacting the first layer with a solution comprising an aromatic polycarbonate based polyurethane, a nitrocellulose, dimethylacetamide, anisole, methyl ethyl ketone, and n-butanol, and drying.

49 . The method of claim 44 , wherein forming the third layer includes contacting the second layer with a solution comprising a polyvinylpyrrolidone, a nitrocellulose, 4-butyrolactone, ethanol, benzyl alcohol, cyclohexanone, and isopropanol, and drying.