Partially fluorinated sulfonated surfactants

1. A compound of Formula 1A, 1B, or 1C

(R a —O—CO—) 2 X  Formula 1A

R a —O—CO—X—CO—O—(CH 2 CH 2 )R f   Formula 1B

R a —O—CO—X—CO—O—R  Formula 1C

wherein

R a is the group

(i) R f (CH 2 CF 2 ) d —(C g H 2g )—;

(ii) R f OCF 2 CF 2 —(C g H 2g )—;

(iii) R f OCFHCF 2 —O—(CH 2 CH 2 O) v —(C g H 2g )—;

(iv) R f OCFHCF 2 O(C w H 2w );

(v) R f OCF(CF 3 )CONH—(C g H 2g )—; or

(vi) R f (CH 2 ) h [(CF 2 CF 2 ) i (CH 2 CH 2 ) j ] k

each R f is independently C c F (2c+1) ;

c is 2 to about 6;

d is 1 to about 3;

g is 1 to 4;

v is 1 to about 4;

w is from about 3 to about 12;

h is 1 to about 6;

i, j, and k are each independently 1, 2, or 3, or a mixture thereof;

provided that the total number of carbon atoms in group (vi) is from about 8 to about 22;

X is a linear or branched difunctional alkyl sulfonate group

—C e H (2e−1) (SO 3 M)-,

wherein e is 2 or 3;

M is a monovalent cation selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, ammonium, and alkali metal;

R is H or a linear or branched alkyl group C b H (2b+1) —; and

b is from 1 to about 18.

2. The compound of claim 1 wherein R a is R f (CH 2 CF 2 ) d —(C g H 2g )—; R f OCF 2 CF 2 —(C g H 2g )—; R f OCFHCF 2 O(CH 2 CH 2 O) v —(C g H 2g )—; or R f OCFHCF 2 O(C w H 2w )—.

3. The compound of claim 1 wherein c is 3 or 4 or 6.

4. The compound of claim 1 wherein X is CH 2 CH(SO 3 M), CH 2 CH(CH 2 SO 3 M), CH(CH 3 )CH(SO 3 M), CH 2 CH(SO 3 M)CH 2 , or CH 2 CH(SO 3 M)CH 2 CH 2 .

5. The compound of claim 2 wherein d is 1, g is 2, and R f is C 3 F 7 or C 4 F 9 .

6. The compound of claim 5 wherein X is C 3 H 5 (SO 3 Na) or CH 2 CH(SO 3 Na).

7. The compound of claim 1 wherein R a is C 4 F 9 CH 2 CF 2 CH 2 CH 2 or C 3 F 7 CH 2 CF 2 CH 2 CH 2 .

8. A method of altering the surface behavior of a liquid comprising adding to the liquid a compound of claim 1 or a mixture thereof.

9. The method of claim 8 wherein the altering of surface behavior is lowering the surface tension.

10. The method of claim 8 wherein the surface behavior is selected from the group consisting of wetting, penetration, spreading, leveling, flowing, emulsifying, dispersing, repelling, releasing, lubricating, etching, bonding, and stabilizing.

11. The method of claim 8 wherein the liquid is a coating composition, latex, polymer, floor finish, ink, emulsifying agent, foaming agent, release agent, repellency agent, flow modifier, film evaporation inhibitor, wetting agent, penetrating agent, cleaner, grinding agent, electroplating agent, corrosion inhibitor, etchant solution, soldering agent, dispersion aid, microbial agent, pulping aid, rinsing aid, polishing agent, personal care composition, drying agent, antistatic agent, floor finish, or bonding agent.