Chemically-assisted alignment of nanotubes within extensible structures
A method and system for aligning nanotubes within an extensible structure such as a yarn or non-woven sheet. The method includes providing an extensible structure having non-aligned nanotubes, adding a chemical mixture to the extensible structure so as to wet the extensible structure, and stretching the extensible structure so as to substantially align the nanotubes within the extensible structure. The system can include opposing rollers around which an extensible structure may be wrapped, mechanisms to rotate the rollers independently or away from one another as they rotate to stretch the extensible structure, and a reservoir from which a chemical mixture may be dispensed to wet the extensible structure to help in the stretching process.
1. A method for aligning nanotubes within a nanofibrous structure, the method comprising:
providing a nanofibrous structure having sufficient structural integrity for subsequent handling during alignment of nanotube, the structure being defined by a plurality of substantially non-aligned nanotubes;
exposing the nanotubes within the nanofibrous structure to a solution having a solvent and a surfactant so that the surfactant can interact with surfaces of the nanotubes to promote separation of the nanotubes within the nanofibrous structure; and
stretching the nanofibrous structure, so as to substantially align the nanotubes relative to one another within the stretched nanofibrous structure.
2. A method as set forth in claim 1 , wherein, in the step of providing, the nanofibrous structure is a non-woven sheet of non-aligned nanotubes.
3. A method as set forth in claim 1 , wherein, in the step of providing, the nanofibrous structure is a yarn comprising a plurality of twisted nanotubes.
4. A method as set forth in claim 1 , wherein, in the step of providing, the nanotubes include one of carbon nanotubes, boron nanotubes, or a combination thereof.
5. A method as set forth in claim 1 , wherein, in the step of providing, the nanotubes include one of single wall nanotubes, multiwall nanotubes, or a combination thereof.
6. A method as set forth in claim 1 , wherein, in the step of exposing, the solvent includes one of Aniline (Phenyl amine, Amino benzene), DMF (Dimethyl formamide), NMP (N-methylpyrrolidone), Toluene (methylbenzene), Acetone (Dimethyl ketone), or Dichlorobenzene.
7. A method as set forth in claim 1 , wherein, in the step of exposing the surfactant includes one of an anionic surfactant, a cationic surfactant, an anionic/cationic surfactant, or a non-ionic surfactant.
8. A method as set forth in claim 1 , wherein, in the step of exposing , the solution includes (i) a solvent, including, Aniline (Phenyl amine, Amino benzene), DMF (Dimethyl formamide), NMP (N-methylpyrrolidone), Toluene (methylbenzene), Acetone (Dimethyl ketone), or Dichlorobenzene, and (ii) a surfactant, including an anionic surfactant, a cationic surfactant, an anionic/cationic surfactant, or a non-ionic surfactant, in any combination thereof.
9. A method as set forth in claim 1 , wherein, in the step of exposing, the solution includes aniline in combination with a surfactant, wherein the surfactant is one of Sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), Sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate (SDBS, NaDDBS), Sodium dodecylsulfonate (SDSA), Sodium sodium n-lauroylsarcosinate (Sarkosyl), Sodium alkyl allyl sulfosuccinate (TREM), Polystyrene sulfonate (PSS), Sodium cholate, Dodecyltrimethylammonium bromide (DTAB), Cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB), Poly(vinylpyrrolidone) (PVP), PEO-PBO-PEO triblock polymer (EBE), PEO-PPO-PEO triblock polymers (Pluronic® Series), or a combination thereof.
10. A method as set forth in claim 1 , wherein, in the step of exposing, the solution includes DMF in combination with a surfactant, wherein the surfactant is one of Sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), Sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate (SDBS, NaDDBS), Sodium dodecylsulfonate (SDSA), Sodium sodium n-lauroylsarcosinate (Sarkosyl), Sodium alkyl allyl sulfosuccinate (TREM), Polystyrene sulfonate (PSS), Sodium cholate, Dodecyltrimethylammonium bromide (DTAB), Cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB), Poly(vinylpyrrolidone) (PVP), PEO-PBO-PEO triblock polymer (EBE), PEO-PPO-PEO triblock polymers (Pluronic® Series), or a combination thereof.
11. A method as set forth in claim 1 , wherein, in the step of exposing, the solution includes neat DMF in combination with SDS.
12. A method as set forth in claim 1 , wherein, in the step of exposing, the solution includes acetone in combination with a surfactant, wherein the surfactant is one of Sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), Sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate (SDBS, NaDDBS), Sodium dodecylsulfonate (SDSA), Sodium sodium n-lauroylsarcosinate (Sarkosyl), Sodium alkyl allyl sulfosuccinate (TREM), Polystyrene sulfonate (PSS), Sodium cholate, Dodecyltrimethylammonium bromide (DTAB), Cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB), Poly(vinylpyrrolidone) (PVP), PEO-PBO-PEO triblock polymer (EBE), PEO-PPO-PEO triblock polymers (Pluronic® Series), or a combination thereof.
13. A method as set forth in claim 1 , wherein, in the step of exposing, the solution includes neat acetone in combination with SDS.
14. A method as set forth in claim 1 , wherein, in the step of exposing, the solution includes o-Dichlorobenzene in combination with a surfactant, wherein the surfactant is one of Sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), Sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate (SDBS, NaDDBS), Sodium dodecylsulfonate (SDSA), Sodium sodium n-lauroylsarcosinate (Sarkosyl), Sodium alkyl allyl sulfosuccinate (TREM), Polystyrene sulfonate (PSS), Sodium cholate, Dodecyltrimethylammonium bromide (DTAB), Cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB), Poly(vinylpyrrolidone) (PVP), PEO-PBO-PEO triblock polymer (EBE), PEO-PPO-PEO triblock polymers (Pluronic® Series), or a combination thereof.
15. A method as set forth in claim 1 , wherein the step of exposing includes performing wetting of the nanotubes at the temperature range from about 20 degrees centigrade to about 50 degrees centigrade.
16. A method as set forth in claim 1 , wherein the step of exposing includes performing wetting of the nanotubes at the temperature of about 23 degrees centigrade.
17. A method as set forth in claim 1 , wherein the step of stretching is done in a mechanical apparatus.
18. A method as set forth in claim 1 , wherein the step of stretching is done by one of by hand, by pressurized gas blowing on the nanofibrous structure, by vacuum, or a combination thereof.
19. A method as set forth in claim 1 , further including washing the stretched nanofibrous structure in a solvent to remove any residue.
20. A method as set forth in claim 19 , wherein the step of washing includes one of a thermal treatment, a chemical treatment, an electrochemical treatment, or a combination thereof.
21. A method as set forth in claim 19 , further including exposing the washed nanofibrous structure to a temperature less than about 400° C.