T1R3 A NOVEL TASTE RECEPTOR
The present invention relates to the discovery, identification and characterization of a receptor protein, referred to herein as T1R3, which is expressed in taste receptor cells and associated with the perception of bitter and sweet taste. The invention encompasses T1R3 nucleotides, host cell expression systems, T1R3 proteins, fusion protein, transgenic animals that express a T1R3 transgene, and recombinant “knock-out” animals that do not express T1R3. The invention further relates to methods for identifying modulators of the T1R3-mediated taste response and the use of such modulators to either inhibit or promote the perception of bitterness or sweetness. The modulators of T1R3 activity may be used as flavor enhancers in food, beverages and pharmaceuticals.
1 . A method for identifying an inhibitor of T1R3 in vivo comprising:
(i) offering a test animal an opportunity to consume separately (a) a composition comprising a sweet tastant and (b) the composition further comprising a test inhibitor; and
(ii) comparing the amount of consumption of the compositions according to (a) and (b), wherein greater consumption of the composition according to (a) has a positive correlation with an ability of the test inhibitor to inhibit T1R3.
2 . A method for identifying an activator of T1R3 in vivo comprising:
(i) offering a test animal an opportunity to consume separately (a) a composition and (b) the composition further comprising a test activator; and
(ii) comparing the amount of consumption of the compositions according to (a) and (b), wherein greater consumption of the composition according to (b) has a positive correlation with an ability of the test activator to activate T1R3.