AQUEOUS SULFONATE-FUNCTIONAL POLYMER DISPERSIONS, METHODS OF MAKING THE SAME AND TONER PARTICLES FORMED THEREFROM
Provided herein are polymer dispersions that include a polymer having a sulfonate group bound to an aliphatic portion thereof. Such polymer dispersions can be stably formed without the use of other internal surfactants or the use of external surfactants. Also provided are methods of making the same and toner particles formed from the same.
1 . A polymer dispersion comprising
a polymer having an internal surfactant bound to an aliphatic portion thereof,
wherein the polymer dispersion is free of an external surfactant, and
wherein the internal surfactant consists of a sulfonate group.
2 . The polymer dispersion of claim 1 , wherein the polymer comprises a polyester.
3 . The polymer dispersion of claim 2 , wherein the polyester comprises etherified bisphenol A.
4 . The polymer dispersion of claim 2 , wherein the polymer has a glass transition temperature in a range of 45 to 90° C.
5 . The polymer dispersion of claim 2 , wherein the polymer has a T 1/2 value in a range of 100 to 180° C.
6 . The polymer dispersion of claim 1 , wherein the polymer has an acid value in a range of 0 to 50.
7 . The polymer dispersion of claim 1 , wherein the polymer has a number average molecular weight in a range of 1000 to 20,000.
8 . The polymer dispersion of claim 1 , having a non-volatile content in a range of 10 to 60 weight percent.
9 . A toner particle formed from the polymer dispersion of claim 1 .
10 . The toner particle of claim 9 , wherein the polymer comprises a polyester.
11 . The toner particle of claim 10 , further comprising at least one additive selected from the group consisting of a paraffin, rheology modifying agent, inhibitor, lubricant, colorant, charge control agent, carrier material and shrink-reducing additives.
12 . The toner particle of claim 10 , wherein the toner particle has a T g in a range of 40 to 90° C., a T 1/2 in a range of 90 to 160° C. and a charge per mass of in a range of −50 to 50 μc/g.
13 . A method of forming a sulfonate-functional polymer dispersion, comprising
dissolving a polymer, which (a) comprises aliphatic unsaturation and (b) does not comprise an internal surfactant group, in a solvent that comprises an organic solvent;
reacting a sulfonation reagent with the aliphatic unsaturation of the polymer to form a sulfonate-functional polymer; and
removing a portion of the organic solvent, to form the sulfonate-functional polymer dispersion,
wherein the polymer dispersion is free of external surfactant.
14 . The method of claim 13 , further comprising the step of adding water to the solvent after forming a sulfonate-functional polymer, but prior to removing the portion of the organic solvent.
15 . The method of claim 13 , wherein the sulfonation reagent comprises at least one of sodium hydrogen sulfide, sodium bisulfite and sodium metabisulfite.
16 . The method of claim 13 , wherein the organic solvent is isopropanol.
17 . The method of claim 13 , wherein the polymer comprises a polyester.
18 . The method of claim 17 , wherein the polyester comprises etherified bisphenol A.
19 . The method of claim 18 , wherein the sulfonate-functional polymer has an acid value in a range of 0 to 50.
20 . The method of claim 19 , wherein the sulfonate-functional polymer has a T 1/2 value in a range of 100 to 180° C.
21 . The method of claim 20 , wherein the sulfonate-functional polymer has a number average molecular weight in a range of 1000 to 20,000.