INSTRUMENTS FOR KNEE SURGERY AND METHOD UF USE

1 - 21 . (canceled)

22 . A femoral positioning guide for establishing a position reference on a femur to guide the cutting of the distal femur, the femur having a proximal end, a distal end, an anatomic axis from the proximal end to the distal end, an intramedullary canal along the anatomic axis, a medial epicondyle, a lateral epicondyle, an anterior surface and a posterior surface, the femoral positioning guide comprising:

a body having a closed end and an opposite open end with opposing sides able to straddle the distal end of the femur;

a pair of probes mounted on the opposing sides in coaxial alignment, the pair of probes being simultaneously alignable with the medial and lateral epicondyles;

an intramedullary rod mounted on the body, the intramedullary rod being engageable with the intramedullary canal; and

means for establishing a position reference on the femur that records a desired position and orientation in a way that permits positive engagement by a bone cutting guide to produce a bone cut relative to the position and orientation information.

23 . The femoral positioning guide of claim 22 wherein the means for establishing a position reference on the femur is a pin guide mounted on the body, the pin guide having at least one passageway for guiding the placement of an alignment pin in the femur.

24 . The femoral positioning guide of claim 23 wherein the pin guide is rotatably mounted on the body so that the pin guide can be rotated to a desired varus-valgus angle relative to the intramedullary rod.

25 . The femoral positioning guide of claim 24 wherein the pin guide is also mounted for translation from a position nearer the body to a position further from the body, the pin guide further including a stylus able to reference the anterior surface of the femur to set the pin guide at a desired translated position relative to the body.

26 . The femoral positioning guide of claim 25 wherein the body defines a circular arc, the positioning guide further comprising a plate translatably mounted on the body, the plate able to be translated along a portion of the arc, the pin guide and the intramedullary rod both being mounted on the plate so that they can be angled relative to the probes by translating the plate along the arc of the body while remaining in fixed angular relation to one another.

27 . A method comprising the steps of:

positioning a femoral position guide adjacent a distal end of a femur, the femoral position guide having a position reference guide able to be positioned at a desired varus-valgus angle and at a desired external rotation angle;

determining a desired varus-valgus angle and a desired external rotation angle;

creating a position reference on the femur that permits positive engagement by a cut guide to orient the cut guide at the desired varus-valgus and external rotation angles;

engaging a cut guide with the position reference; and

guiding a cutter with the cut guide to cut the femur.

28 . The method of claim 27 wherein the step of creating a position reference on the femur comprises inserting two reference pins into the femur with a pin guide.

29 . The method of claim 28 further comprising the step of engaging the medial and lateral epicondyles of the femur to orient the pin guide at a desired external rotation angle.

30 . The method of claim 29 further comprising the step of inserting an intramedullary rod into the intramedullary canal of the femur and angling the pin guide relative to the intramedullary rod to orient the pin guide at a desired varus-valgus angle.

31 . The method of claim 30 further comprising the step of referencing the anterior femoral surface with a probe associated with the pin guide to position the pin guide at a desired anterior-posterior position.

32 - 70 . (canceled)