Heat stable concentrated dairy liquid and cream product
Disclosed are stable concentrated dairy liquids exhibiting enhanced fresh dairy flavor notes and methods of making thereof. The resultant concentrated products herein include a reduced dairy protein level and increased fat content through a cream addition. By one approach, the concentrated dairy liquids have a protein to fat ratio of about 0.4 to about 0.7 achieved through the selection of the starting dairy base and a selected cream addition. Preferably, the cream addition occurs at specific input locations in the process in order to achieve stable concentrates.
1. A method of making a stable concentrated dairy liquid, the method comprising:
forewarming a liquid dairy base for a time and temperature sufficient to effect a reduction in pH 4.6 soluble proteins;
concentrating the forewarmed liquid dairy base using ultrafiltration techniques to form a concentrated dairy liquid retentate;
blending an amount of cream into the concentrated dairy liquid retentate to form a cream enriched dairy liquid;
homogenizing the cream enriched dairy liquid to form a homogenized cream enriched dairy liquid;
adding a stabilizer to the homogenized cream enriched dairy liquid to form a stabilized cream enriched dairy liquid;
sterilizing the stabilized cream enriched dairy liquid at a temperature and for a time sufficient to obtain the stable concentrated dairy liquid having a F o of at least about 5, the stabilized cream enriched dairy liquid being substantially resistant to gelation during sterilization;
the stable concentrated dairy liquid has a protein to fat ratio of about 0.4 to about 0.7 and about 1 percent or less lactose; and
the stable concentrated dairy liquid is resistant to gelation and remains a visually stable fluid emulsion for at least about 9 months under ambient storage conditions and when reconstituted provides a fresh dairy flavor.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the stable concentrated dairy liquid has about 20 to about 45 percent reduction in volatile compounds containing one of sulfur, nitrogen, or mixtures thereof as compared to a concentrated dairy liquid without cream enrichment.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the stable concentrated dairy liquid has a Brew Recovery of at least about 90 percent after about 9 months of ambient storage.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the cream has about 32 to about 42 percent fat.
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the stable concentrated dairy liquid has about 36 percent or less total solids, about 10 percent or less total protein, and about 15 percent or less total fat.
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the stable concentrated dairy liquid has a total solids of about 25 to about 36 percent, about 9 to about 15 percent fat, and about 5 to about 10 percent protein.
7. The method of claim 1 , wherein a ratio of protein to total stabilizer is between about 10:1 to about 38:1.
8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the liquid dairy base is whole milk.
9. The method of claim 8 , wherein about 3 to about 34 percent cream is added to the concentrated dairy liquid retentate.
10. The method of claim 1 , wherein about 0.3 to about 0.6 percent stabilizer is added to the homogenized cream enriched dairy liquid.
11. The method of claim 10 , wherein the stabilizer includes about 25 to about 50 percent disodium phosphate and about 50 to about 75 percent monosodium phosphate.
12. The method of claim 11 , wherein a ratio of monosodium phosphate to disodium phosphate is between about 1:1 to about 3:1.
13. The method of claim 1 , wherein the stable concentrated dairy liquid is substantially free of emulsifiers.
14. The method of claim 1 , wherein the forewarming is for a time sufficient to form a forewarmed dairy liquid having a reduced level of pH 4.6 soluble proteins by at least about 70 percent.
15. The method of claim 1 , wherein the homogenization is a two-stage homogenization at about 1500 to about 2000 psi in a first stage and about 100 to about 300 psi in a second stage.
16. The method of claim 1 , wherein the cream enriched dairy liquid has about 11 percent or less protein, at least about 15 percent fat, and about 1.5 percent or less lactose.
17. A stable concentrated dairy liquid comprising
a blend of ultrafiltered dairy liquid and cream;
a total solids of about 25 to about 36 percent, a protein to fat ratio of about 0.4 to about 0.7 where the fat is supplied from both the ultrafiltered dairy liquid and the cream, and less than about 1 percent lactose;
an amount of stabilizer salt in a ratio of protein to stabilizer salt between about 10:1 to about 38:1;
about 20 to about 45 percent reduction in volatile compounds containing one of sulfur, nitrogen, or mixtures thereof as compared to a concentrated dairy liquid without cream enrichment; and
a brew recovery of at least about 90 percent after about 9 months ambient storage.
18. The dairy liquid of claim 17 , wherein the stable concentrated dairy liquid has about 15 percent or less fat and about 10 percent or less protein.
19. The dairy liquid of claim 17 , wherein the cream has about 32 to about 42 percent fat.
20. The dairy liquid of claim 17 , wherein the blend includes about 3 to about 57 percent cream.
21. The dairy liquid of claim 17 , wherein the blend includes ultrafiltered whole milk and about 3 to about 34 percent cream.
22. The dairy liquid of claim 17 , wherein the blend includes ultrafiltered skim milk and about 34 to about 57 percent cream.
23. The dairy liquid of claim 17 , wherein the blend includes ultrafiltered two-percent milk and about 20 to about 46 percent cream.
24. The dairy liquid of claim 17 , wherein the stable concentrated dairy liquid has about 10 to about 15 percent fat and about 5 to about 10 percent protein.
25. The dairy liquid of claim 17 , wherein the stable concentrated dairy liquid is substantially free of emulsifiers.
26. The dairy liquid of claim 17 , wherein the stabilizer salt includes a blend of monosodium phosphate and disodium phosphate in a ratio of monosodium phosphate to disodium phosphate from about 1:1 to about 3:1.
27. The dairy liquid of claim 17 , wherein the cream is added to the ultrafiltered dairy liquid prior to homogenization.