Method of making alkoxylates
Ethoxylates and other alkoxylates are made in an efficient manner by reacting an organic bromide with a diol in the presence of a metal oxide. An integrated process of bromide formation, alkoxylate synthesis, metal oxide regeneration, and bromine recycling is also provided.
1 . A method of making an alkoxylate, comprising:
allowing a brominated hydrocarbon to react with a diol in the presence of a metal-oxygen cataloreactant to form an alkoxylate.
2 . A method as recited in claim 1 , wherein the brominated hydrocarbon comprises a compound having the formula R 1 —Br, where R 1 is alkyl or R 2 —(C 6 H 4 )—, where R 2 is hydrogen, alkyl, alkoxy, amino, alkyl amino, dialkyl amino, nitro, sulfonato, or hydroxyl.
3 . A method as recited in claim 2 , wherein R 1 is C 8 -C 20 alkyl.
4 . A method as recited in claim 2 , wherein R 1 is R 2 —(C 6 H 4 )—, where R 2 is C 6 -C 14 alkyl.
5 . A method as recited in claim 1 , wherein the diol comprises a compound having the formula HO—(C m H 2m O) x H, where 1≦m≦4; and 1≦x≦8.
6 . A method as recited in claim 1 , wherein the diol comprises a compound having the formula HO—(CH 2 CH 2 O) x H, where 1≦x≦8.
7 . A method as recited in claim 1 , wherein the diol comprises ethylene glycol.
8 . A method as recited in claim 1 , wherein the diol comprises propylene glycol.
9 . A method as recited in claim 1 , wherein the diol is selected from the group consisting of ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, oligomers thereof, and mixtures thereof.
10 . A method as recited in claim 1 , wherein the diol is generated in situ.
11 . A method as recited in claim 1 , wherein the metal-oxygen cataloreactant comprises a metal oxide.
12 . A method as recited in claim 11 herein the metal oxide is selected from the group consisting of oxides of copper, magnesium, yttrium, nickel, cobalt, iron, calcium, vanadium, molybdenum, chromium, manganese, zinc, lanthanum, tungsten, tin, indium, and bismuth, and mixtures thereof.
13 . A method as recited in claim 11 , wherein the metal oxide is selected from the group consisting of CuO, MgO, Y 2 O 3 , NiO, CO 2 O 3 , and Fe 2 O 3 , and mixtures thereof.
14 . A method as recited in claim 11 , wherein the metal oxide is doped with one or more alkali metals.
15 . A method as recited in claim 11 , wherein the metal oxide is alkali-doped.
16 . A method as recited in claim 11 , wherein the metal oxide comprises one or more alkali metal-doped mixed copper, magnesium, yttrium, nickel, cobalt, or iron oxide.
17 . A method as recited in claim 16 , wherein the metal oxide(s) is doped to contain 5-20 mol % alkali.
18 . A method as recited in claim 11 , wherein the metal oxide is doped with one or more alkali metal bromides.
19 . A method as recited in claim 18 , wherein the metal oxide is doped to contain 5-20 mol % alkali.
20 . A method as recited in claim 11 , wherein the metal oxide is supported on zirconia, titania, alumina, silica, or another suitable support material.
21 . A method as recited in claim 1 , further comprising including tetrahydrofuran, water, or oxetane as a co-reactant.
22 . A method as recited in claim 1 , wherein (a) the brominated hydrocarbon comprises a compound having the formula R 1 —Br, where R 1 is alkyl or R 2 —(C 6 H 4 )—, where R 2 is hydrogen, alkyl, alkoxy, amino, alkyl amino, dialkyl amino, nitro, sulfonato, or hydroxyl; and (b) the diol comprises a compound having the formula HO—(C m H 2m O) x H; 1≦m≦4; and 1≦x≦8.
23 . A method of making an alkoxylate, comprising:
allowing a C 8 -C 20 alkyl bromide to react with ethylene glycol or an ethylene glycol oligomer in the presence of a metal-oxygen cataloreactant to form an ethoxylate.
24 . An integrated process for making an alkoxylate, comprising:
brominating a hydrocarbon to form a brominated hydrocarbon;
allowing the brominated hydrocarbon to react with a diol in the presence of a metal-oxygen cataloreactant to form an alkoxylate and a metal bromide; and
regenerating the metal-oxygen cataloreactant by treating the metal bromide with air or oxygen.