Manufacture of high temperature superconductor coils
View Patent ↗A method for successfully heat treating magnet coils of braided Bi 2 Sr 2 Ca 1 Cu 2 O x (Bi-2212) strand. The Bi-2212 coil is fabricated using standard round wire powder-in-tube techniques, and braided with a ceramic-glass braid with integrated carbonaceous binder. The coil is heated in an atmosphere controlled furnace below the high current density phase reaction sequence to burn off the carbonaceous binder and evacuated to remove unwanted gases from the inner windings. The oxygen environment is then reintroduced and the coil is heat treated to the high J c reaction temperature and then processed as normal. As the local atmosphere around the surface of the wire, particularly the concentration of oxygen, is critical to a successful reaction sequence, high current Bi-2212 coils can thereby be obtained.
1. A method for manufacturing high temperature superconducting coils with electrical insulation, comprising in sequence the steps of:
(a) forming an electromagnet coil device from a winding of superconductive precursor powder-in-tube composite round wire, with the wire turns being separated by a ceramic-glass insulation comprised of a mixture of ceramic and glass fibers and a carbonaceous binder;
(b) removing the binder of the ceramic insulation in a burn-off cycle by combustion in an oxygen-containing environment of a heating vessel at an elevated temperature below the partial melting point of the precursor superconducting powder and ceramic-glass insulation;
(c) evacuating the heating vessel at a reduced temperature at about room temperature;
(d) introducing oxygen gas into the vessel; and
(e) increasing the temperature in the vessel to the peak reaction heat treatment temperature for forming the ceramic insulated superconducting wire, while said electromagnet coil device is in said vessel.
2. A method in accordance with claim 1 , wherein the ceramic superconductor wire is of the Bi 2 Sr 2 CaCu 2 O x family.
3. A method in accordance with claim 2 , wherein the peak reaction temperature is 870° C. to 900° C.
4. A method in accordance with claim 1 , wherein the peak reaction temperature is 870° C. to 900° C.
5. A method in accordance with claim 1 , wherein the ceramic superconductor wire is of the (Bi, Pb) 2 Sr 2 Ca 2 Cu 3 O x family.
6. A method in accordance with claim 5 , wherein the peak reaction temperature is 820° C. to 860° C.
7. A method in accordance with claim 1 , wherein the ceramic superconductor wire is ReBa 2 Cu 3 O x , where Re=one of the rare earths Y, Gd, Er, Ho, Nd, Sm, Eu, Yb, Dy, Tm, or Lu.
8. A method in accordance with claim 7 , wherein the peak reaction temperature is 950° C. to 1050° C.
9. A method in accordance with claim 1 , wherein the degree of evacuation is to 100×10 −3 torr or below.
10. A method in accordance with claim 1 , wherein the ceramic-glass fiber insulation remains porous during high temperature heat treatment.
11. A method in accordance with claim 10 , wherein the ceramic-glass fiber insulation is made with alumina.
12. A method in accordance with claim 11 , wherein the alumina fiber is 70% Al 2 O 3 +30% SiO 2 .
13. A method in accordance with claim 10 , wherein the carbonaceous binder is a polyurethane resin.
14. A method in accordance with claim 1 , wherein step (b) is conducted in the range of 250° C. to 850° C.
15. A method in accordance with claim 1 , wherein step (b) is conducted in the range of 300° C. to 600° C.
16. A method in accordance with claim 1 , wherein the evacuation cycle is repeated one or more times.
17. A method in accordance with claim 1 , wherein the oxygen gas concentration is from 20%-100%.
18. A method in accordance with claim 1 , wherein the process of burning of the binder insulation occurs by first evacuating the chamber of the initial furnace gas, which may be nitrogen, air, CO 2 , or some combination thereof, and then back-filling with a gas with oxygen, followed by the burning procedure at elevated temperature.
19. A method in accordance with claim 18 , wherein the evacuation, refill with oxygen and burn-off cycle is repeated one or more times.
20. A method in accordance with claim 18 , wherein the back-filling of oxygen is initially oxygen of a low partial pressure, followed by the burning procedure at elevated temperature; and wherein during this burning procedure, the pressure of oxygen is gradually increased to ensure complete burn-off of the binder.
21. A method in accordance with claim 1 , wherein the combustion products are monitored with a residual gas analyzer to determine when all the contaminating products are removed during the evacuation sequence.
22. A method in accordance with claim 1 , wherein the wire is braided with the ceramic-glass insulation.