Entangled cotton byproducts and biofiber hydraulic mulch- erosion control products, and the process for their manufacture
View Patent ↗A method for making a hydraulically applied mulch using a natural biofiber material preferably comprising of 100% cotton byproduct or a mixture of cotton byproducts and other biomaterials selected such as, hay, grass, kenaf, straw, coconut, bamboo, hemp, bagasse and plant residue (cereal grains, rice, soybeans, grass seed, wood, sawdust, wood pulp, paper, or mixtures thereof). These fibers bear a natural waxy coating. The method includes the optional step of introducing the shredded biofiber composition into a first steaming chamber to stem the biofiber composition, followed by shredding the biofiber composition, and then introducing the shredded biofiber composition into a second steaming chamber to steam, break down and create porosity in the waxy coating of the fibers causing the fibers to become more hydrophilic. The biofibers are steamed followed by drying causing them to curl or physically deform. The shredded and steamed biofiber composition is then mixed to entangle the fibers, and the shredded, mixed and steamed biofiber composition is introduced into a drying chamber for drying, the resulting composition is then cooled and packaged, ready for mixing with water and spray application. The shredded, steamed and dried composition promotes entanglement of the fibers in a 3-dimensional matrix suitable for use as hydraulically applied mulch, and binding agents (tackifiers), dyes, rewetting agents, activators, and other additives may be added as desired.
1. A method for making sprayable hydraulically applied mulch, comprising the steps of:
obtaining a quantity of a biofiber composition comprising a natural fibrous material which fibers bear a waxy coating;
shredding or fiberizing said biofiber composition;
introducing said shredded or fiberized biofiber composition into a steaming chamber and steaming to break down and create pores in the waxy coating of said fibers and to in combination with drying, cause the natural fibers to curl and entangle about one another;
mixing the steamed and shredded or fiberized biofiber composition;
introducing said shredded, mixed and steamed biofiber composition into a drying chamber for drying; and cooling said mixed, steamed and dried biofiber composition.
2. The method according to claim 1 , further comprising a step of steaming said biofiber composition prior to shredding to soften the fibers in order to maintain the desired aspect ratio and avoid pulverizing component fibers during shredding or fiberizing.
3. The method according to claim 1 , wherein said natural fibrous material comprises cotton byproduct including lint or linters, and said method further comprises a step of separating said lint and linters from said cotton byproduct prior to said shredding or fiberizing step.
4. The method according to claim 3 , further comprising a step of shredding/fiberizing said separated lint and linters, and a step of steaming said shredded/fiberized lint and linters, independently of the other cotton byproduct.
5. The method according to claim 1 , wherein said step of obtaining a quantity of a biofiber composition comprises obtaining two separate cellulosic biofiber components including cotton byproduct and cellulosic material.
6. The method according to claim 5 , wherein said cotton byproduct comprises a mixture of lint, linters and other cotton byproducts.
7. The method according to claim 6 , wherein said cellulosic material comprises any one from among the group consisting of plant derived hay, grass, kenaf, straw, coconut, bamboo, hemp, bagasse and plant residue.
8. The method according to claim 6 , further comprising the step of separating the lint and linters from said other cotton byproducts prior to shredding or fiberizing said biofiber composition.
9. The method according to claim 8 wherein said separated lint and linters are processed independently.
10. The method according to claim 9 wherein said step of shredding or fiberizing said biofiber composition reduces an average fiber length of said stems, sticks, etc to within a range of from 4 mm to 8 mm.
11. The method according to claim 8 , wherein said lint and linters are separated by any one or more of an incline cleaner, green leaf and stick machine, bur extractor, or refined cotton lint extractor.
12. The method according to claim 11 wherein said separating step reduces the lint content by weight in said other cotton byproducts to less than 5%.
13. The method according to claim 12 wherein said separating step reduces the lint content by weight in said other cotton byproducts to less than 2%.
14. The method according to claim 11 wherein said separating step reduces the lint content by weight in said other cotton byproducts to less than 1%.
15. The method according to claim 8 , wherein the moisture levels of said biofiber components are maintained at predetermined levels throughout all of said steps.
16. The method according to claim 15 , wherein said step of obtaining said first quantity of cellulosic cotton byproducts and said second quantity of cellulosic biomaterial comprises obtaining relative amounts of said first quantity of cellulosic cotton byproducts and said second quantity of cellulosic biomaterial in a ratio of between 8:2 to 10:0, by weight.
17. The method according to claim 1 , wherein said step of mixing said biofiber composition is completed within said steaming chamber.
18. The method according to claim 1 , wherein said step of drying said biofiber composition comprises convection drying.
19. The method according to claim 1 , wherein said step of drying said biofiber composition comprises microwave drying.
20. The method according to claim 1 , wherein said step of obtaining a quantity of a biofiber composition comprises obtaining a first quantity of cellulosic cotton byproducts, and obtaining a second quantity of cellulosic biomaterial.
21. The method according to claim 20 , wherein said second quantity of cellulosic biomaterial comprises any one or more biomaterials selected from among the group of hay, grass, kenaf, straw, coconut, bamboo, hemp, bagasse and plant residue.
22. The method according to claim 21 , wherein said plant residue comprises any one or more from among the group including cereal grains, rice, soybeans, grass seed, wood, sawdust, wood pulp, paper, or mixtures thereof.
23. The method according to claim 21 , wherein said step of mixing said biofiber composition comprises mixing said first quantity of cellulosic cotton byproducts and said second quantity of cellulosic biomaterial entangle said fibers in a 3-dimensional matrix.
24. The method according to claim 23 , wherein said step of mixing the biofiber composition comprises mechanical mixing in a mixing chamber and is accompanied by steam and dye injection into the mixing chamber.
25. The method according to claim 24 , wherein said step of steam injection into said mixing chamber is preceded by dye injection into a steam line.
26. The method according to claim 24 , wherein said step of dying hay, grass, kenaf, straw, coconut, bamboo, hemp, bagasse, cereal grains, rice, soybeans, grass seed, and plant residue or mixtures thereof produces a colorized fiber to be used in the production of erosion control blankets.
27. The method according to claim 21 , wherein said step of obtaining said first quantity of cellulosic cotton byproducts and said second quantity of cellulosic biomaterial comprises obtaining relative amounts of said first quantity of cellulosic cotton byproducts and said second quantity of cellulosic biomaterial in a ratio of between 5:95 to about 7:3, by weight, respectively.
28. The method according to claim 27 , wherein said step of obtaining said first quantity of cellulosic cotton byproducts and said second quantity of cellulosic biomaterial comprises obtaining relative amounts of said first quantity of cellulosic cotton byproducts and said second quantity of cellulosic biomaterial in a ratio of between 1:9 to about 6:4, by weight, respectively.
29. The method according to claim 28 , wherein said first quantity of cellulosic cotton byproducts comprises any one or more cotton byproduct from among a group comprising lint, linters, burs, sticks, roots, leaves, motes, neps, immature seeds, seed hulls, seed coat fragments, and mixtures thereof.
30. The method according to claim 29 , wherein said first quantity of cotton byproducts are selected from the group comprising cotton gin byproducts, byproducts from textile mills, byproducts from cottonseed oil mills, cotton field residue and mixtures thereof.
31. The method according to claim 28 , wherein said step of drying said shredded or fiberized, mixed and steamed biofiber composition comprises convection drying fibers containing a 50.1 percent or greater moisture content at an air temperature of approximately 93° C.-204° C. for at most fifteen minutes.
32. The method according to claim 1 , wherein said step of steaming said biofiber composition comprises steaming in a steaming chamber or chambers at a pressure range between atmospheric and approximately 207 kPa and at a temperature within a range of from approximately 93° C.-204° C.
33. The method according to claim 32 , wherein said step of drying said shredded or fiberized, mixed and steamed biofiber composition comprises convection drying fibers containing a 50 percent or less moisture content at an air temperature of 93° C.-204° C. for at least eight minutes.
34. The method according to claim 33 , wherein said step of steaming said biofiber composition makes the composition more hydrophilic and therefore better equipped to absorb dye and additives, also providing improved pumping characteristics.
35. The method according to claim 33 , wherein said step of steaming said biofiber composition sterilizes any seeds contained in the composition and inhibits or eliminates microbial activity.
36. The method according to claim 1 , wherein said step of shredding or fiberizing causes the cotton lint portion to have an Upper Quartile Length between 6 mm and 19 mm as measured as indirectly by weight by Advanced Fiber Information System (AFIS).