Self calibrating cable for a high definition digital video interface
An HDMI cable may exhibit frequency dependent signal attenuation, inter symbol interference, and inter-pair skew. A boost device integrated with the cable can compensate for such impairments of the cable. A self calibrating cable with a boost device of the embodiment of the invention is described, in which parameters that control the response of the boost device are set optimally in a self-calibrating process comprising looping the boosted cable on itself through a calibration fixture that contains a calibration control device. The boost device includes pattern generators and a sampling circuit. Each high speed channel of the cable is separately tested and calibrated with the help of one of the other channels serving as a sampling channel.
1. A method for calibrating a high speed cable having boost device embedded in the cable, the cable carrying a plurality of high speed channels and a low speed control bus, the cable including an input connector and an output connector, the method comprising:
(a) looping the high speed channels from the output connector to the input connector;
(b) selecting a test channel from among the high speed channels;
(c) selecting a sampling channel from among the remaining high speed channels; and
(d) calibrating the test channel using the sampling channel:
wherein the step (d) comprises:
(f) selecting and setting a parameter set of the boost device;
(g) testing the test channel with the selected parameter set to obtain a pulse width error indicative of the performance of the boost device;
(h) selecting a different parameter set; and
(i) repeating the steps (g) and (h) until the pulse width error is minimized.
2. The method of claim 1 , further comprising repeating the steps (b) to (d) until all high speed channels are calibrated.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the step (g) comprises:
(j) sending a repetitive test pattern including a transmitted pulse having a transmitted pulse width over the test channel;
(k) sending a repetitive sampling pattern synchronized with the repetitive test pattern over the sampling channel;
(l) receiving a received test pattern and a received sampling pattern through the looped cable from the test channel and the sampling channel respectively;
(m) sampling the received test pattern with the received sampling pattern to obtain respective times of rising and falling edges of a received pulse of the received test pattern, the received pulse being a single bit of the received test pattern;
(n) determining a received pulse width from the respective times of the rising and falling edges of the received pulse;
(o) comparing the received pulse width with the transmitted pulse width to determine the pulse width error.
4. The method of claim 3 , wherein the step (o) comprises determining the pulse width error as the absolute difference between the received pulse width and the transmitted pulse width.
5. The method of claim 3 , wherein the step (m) comprises:
(p) delaying the received sampling pattern by a programmable delay to obtain a delayed sampling pulse;
(q) sampling the received test pattern with the delayed sampling pulse N times to yield binary samples;
(r) counting binary samples, having a predetermined value, over a period of time;
(s) saving the count of the counted binary samples and the delay in a memory;
(t) repeating the steps (p) to (s) for different delays;
(u) determining respective times of the rising and the falling edges from the saved delays and the saved binary sample counts.
6. The method of claim 5 , wherein the step (r) comprises counting the binary samples having the value of “1”.
7. The method of claim 5 , wherein the step (r) comprises counting the binary samples having the value of “0”.
8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the step (b) comprises:
coupling a data pattern generator to the test channel through a first multiplexer;
generating a data pattern in the data pattern generator; and
sending the data pattern on the test channel to the output connector.
9. The method of claim 8 , wherein the step (c) comprises:
coupling a sampling pattern generator to the sampling channel through a second multiplexer;
generating a sampling pattern in the sampling pattern generator; and
sending the sampling pattern on the sampling channel to the output connector.
10. The method of claim 9 , wherein the step (a) further comprises coupling each of the high speed channels from the input connector through wires of the high speed cable to an input of a respective programmable boost circuits.
11. The method of claim 10 , wherein the step (d) comprises:
(1) programming a delay of a first programmable boost circuit associated with the test channel;
(2) receiving the test channel carrying the test pattern at the first programmable boost circuit;
(3) receiving the sampling channel carrying the sampling pattern at a second programmable boost circuit associated with the sampling channel;
(4) sampling an output of the first programmable boost circuit with an output of the second programmable boost circuit to determine a signal quality of the test pattern of the received test channel; and
(5) repeating steps (1) to (4) with different delays until a satisfactory signal quality is achieved, thereby calibrating the test channel.
12. The method of claim 11 , further comprising repeating the steps (b) to (d) until all high speed channels are calibrated.
13. The method of claim 1 , wherein the step (d) further comprises: estimating a position in time of a pulse edge of a signal on the test channel, comprising:
(1) delaying a sampling pulse sent through the sampling channel by a delay to obtain a delayed sampling pulse;
(2) sampling the signal on the test channel with the delayed sampling pulse N times to yield binary samples of the signal on the test channel;
(3) counting binary samples, having a predetermined value, over a period of time;
(4) saving the count of the counted binary samples and the delay in a memory;
(5) repeating the steps (1) to (4) for different delays;
(6) computing the position in time of the pulse edge from the saved delays and the saved sample counts.
14. The method of claim 13 , wherein the step (3) comprises counting the binary samples having the value of “1”.
15. The method of claim 14 , wherein the step (3) comprises counting the binary samples having the value of “0”.
16. The method of claim 1 , wherein the high speed cable is a High-Definition Multimedia Interface (HDMI) cable.
17. A system for calibrating a high speed cable, carrying a plurality of high speed channels and a low speed control bus, the cable having an input connector and an output connector, the system comprising:
a calibration fixture for looping the high speed channels from the output connector to the input connector;
a boost device embedded in the cable, the boost device comprising:
a first means for selecting a test channel from among the high speed channels;
a second means for selecting a sampling channel from among the remaining high speed channels; and
a calibration circuit for calibrating the test channel using the sampling channel, the calibration circuit being operatively coupled to the low speed control bus;
the system further comprising a calibration control device operatively coupled to the cable through the low speed control bus;
wherein the calibration control device has a field-programmable gate array (FPGA), or a digital processor having a memory storing instructions for performing the following:
(f) selecting and setting a parameter set of the boost device;
(g) receiving results of testing the test channel with the selected parameter set to obtain a pulse width error indicative of the performance of the boost device;
(h) selecting a different parameter set; and
(i) repeating the steps (g) and (h) until the pulse width error is minimized.
18. The system of claim 17 , wherein the calibration circuit comprises:
a sampling circuit for sampling the test channel with the sampling channel;
a parameter memory for storing programmable parameters of the boost device; and
a sampling control circuit for monitoring the sampling circuit and for setting the programmable parameters in the parameter memory.
19. The system of claim 17 , wherein the boost device comprises a plurality of channel circuits, each channel circuit including a programmable boost circuit for boosting a corresponding one of the high speed channels, the programmable boost circuit being responsive to programmable parameters of the boost device stored in a parameter memory.
20. The system of claim 19 , wherein:
each channel circuit further comprises a pattern generator; and
the boost device further comprises a low speed control bus interface, interfacing the low speed control bus for controlling the pattern generator of each channel circuit.
21. The system of claim 20 , wherein:
the first means further comprises a first multiplexer coupled to the pattern generator of the channel circuit of the test channel for sending a test pattern on the test channel; and
the second means further comprises a second multiplexer coupled to the pattern generator of the channel circuit of the sampling channel for sending a sampling pattern on the sampling channel.
22. The system of claim 19 , wherein:
the first means comprises a data tap coupled to an output of the programmable boost circuit boosting the test channel; and
the second means comprises a sampling tap coupled to an output of the programmable boost circuit boosting the sampling channel.
23. The system of claim 22 , wherein:
(i) the sampling circuit comprises:
a programmable delay for delaying an output of the sampling tap;
a sampling circuit element for generating binary samples from an output of the data tap clocked with the delayed output of the sampling tap;
a means for determining an average of N generated binary samples, which have a predetermined value; and
(ii) the sampling control circuit comprises a means for varying the programmable delay in predetermined delay steps.
24. The system of claim 22 , wherein the sampling control circuit further comprises a memory for storing some or all of the delay steps and corresponding averages.
25. The system of claim 17 , wherein the calibration control device comprises means for interpolating between averages obtained by varying the programmable delay in the predetermined delay steps.
26. The system of claim 17 , wherein the calibration control device is a micro controller.
27. The system of claim 17 , wherein the calibration control device is a field programmable array.
28. The system of claim 17 , wherein the high speed cable is a High-Definition Multimedia Interface (HDMI) cable.
29. A self-calibrating high speed cable, carrying a plurality of high speed channels and a low speed control bus; the cable having an input connector and an output connector, the cable comprising:
a boost device embedded in the cable; the boost device comprising:
a first means for selecting a test channel from among the high speed channels;
a second means for selecting a sampling channel from among the remaining high speed channels; and
a calibration circuit for calibrating the test channel using the sampling channel, the calibration circuit being operatively coupled to the low speed control bus;
the cable is configured to be operably coupled through the low speed control bus to a calibration fixture for looping the high speed channels from the output connector to the input connector, and to a calibration control device having a field-programmable gate array (FPGA), or a digital processor having a memory storing instructions for performing the following:
(f) selecting and setting a parameter set of the boost device;
(g) receiving results of testing the test channel with the selected parameter set to obtain a pulse width error indicative of the performance of the boost device;
(h) selecting a different parameter set; and
(i) repeating the steps (g) and (h) until the pulse width error is minimized.
30. The cable of claim 29 , wherein the calibration circuit comprises:
a sampling circuit for sampling the test channel with the sampling channel;
a parameter memory for storing programmable parameters of the boost device; and
a sampling control circuit for monitoring the sampling circuit and for setting the programmable parameters in the parameter memory.
31. The cable of claim 29 , wherein the boost device comprises a plurality of channel circuits, each channel circuit including a programmable boost circuit for boosting a corresponding one of the high speed channels, the programmable boost circuit being responsive to programmable parameters of the boost device stored in a parameter memory.
32. The cable of claim 31 , wherein:
each channel circuit further comprises a pattern generator; and
the boost device further comprises a low speed control bus interface, interfacing the low speed control bus for controlling the pattern generator of each channel circuit.
33. The cable of claim 32 , wherein:
the first means further comprises a first multiplexer coupled to the pattern generator of the channel circuit of the test channel for sending a test pattern on the test channel; and
the second means further comprises a second multiplexer coupled to the pattern generator of the channel circuit of the sampling channel for sending a sampling pattern on the sampling channel.
34. The cable of claim 31 , wherein:
the first means comprises a data tap coupled to an output of the programmable boost circuit boosting the test channel; and
the second means comprises a sampling tap coupled to an output of the programmable boost circuit boosting the sampling channel.
35. The cable of claim 34 , wherein:
(i) the sampling circuit comprises:
a programmable delay for delaying an output of the sampling tap;
a sampling circuit element for generating binary samples from an output of the data tap clocked with the delayed output of the sampling tap;
a means for determining an average of N generated binary samples, which have a predetermined value; and
(ii) the sampling control circuit comprises a means for varying the programmable delay in predetermined delay steps.
36. The cable of claim 35 , wherein the sampling control circuit further comprises a memory for storing some or all of the delay steps and corresponding averages.
37. The cable of claim 29 , wherein the high speed cable is a High-Definition Multimedia Interface (HDMI) cable.