Multi-fuel storage system and method of storing fuel in a multi-fuel storage system
View Patent ↗Reduced emissions of nitrogen oxides can be achieved if engines are fuelled with mixtures of gaseous fuels such as hydrogen and natural gas. Storing the gaseous fuels separately is desirable so that the fuel mixture ratio can be changed responsive to engine operating conditions. The present apparatus increases the storage density of gaseous fuels such as hydrogen by storing them in gaseous form at high pressures and at sub-ambient temperatures. A first thermally insulated space for holding a first gaseous fuel in a liquefied form is separated from a second thermally insulated space for holding a second gaseous fuel by a thermally conductive fluid barrier. The second gaseous fuel liquefies at a lower temperature than the first gaseous fuel such that the second gaseous fuel can be stored within the second thermally insulated space in a gaseous form at a sub-ambient temperature.
1. A method of separately storing and delivering a first gaseous fuel and a second gaseous fuel, said method comprising
(a) liquefying the first gaseous fuel and containing said first fuel in liquefied form in a first space thermally insulated from the ambient environment at a storage temperature below said first fuel vaporization temperature;
(b) pressurizing the second gaseous fuel and containing said second fuel in a second space thermally insulated from the ambient environment and within said first space at a storage pressure within a predetermined pressure range, said second fuel remaining in gaseous form at said storage temperature when said storage pressure is within said predetermined pressure range;
(c) cooling said second fuel by thermal transfer between said first fuel contained within said first space and said second fuel contained within said second space;
(d) delivering said first fuel from said first space on demand; and
(e) delivering said second fuel from said second space on demand.
2. The method of claim 1 further comprising:
(f) delivering said first and second fuels to an internal combustion engine.
3. The method of claim 1 wherein said first gaseous fuel is natural gas and said storage temperature is between 110 and 130 degrees Kelvin (between about −163 and −143 degrees Celsius).
4. The method of claim 3 wherein said second gaseous fuel is hydrogen and said second predetermined pressure range is between zero and 70 MPa (10,150 psia).
5. The method of claim 1 further comprising reforming said first fuel to produce said second gaseous fuel.
6. The method of claim 5 further comprising vaporizing said first fuel in a heat exchanger before said first fuel is supplied to a reforming reactor, wherein heat for vaporizing said first fuel originates from said second fuel produced by said reforming reactor, whereby said second fuel is cooled before delivery to said second space.
7. The method of claim 6 further comprising compressing said second fuel to a predetermined storage pressure before said second fuel is directed to said heat exchanger.
8. The method of claim 5 further comprising purifying said second fuel to remove a predetermine percentage of non-hydrogen constituents therefrom, thereby achieving a predetermined level of hydrogen purity in said second fuel discharged from said reforming reactor.
9. The method of claim 1 further comprising pre-cooling said second fuel prior to introducing said second fuel into said second space.
10. The method of claim 9 wherein said first fuel pre-cools said second fuel.
11. The method of claim 1 wherein the temperature of the gaseous second fuel in the second space is essentially the temperature of the liquefied first fuel in the first space.