Method for manufacturing a wrought metal plate product having a gradient in engineering properties
View Patent ↗Manufacturing heat-treatable wrought metal plate having length, width and thickness directions and an engineering properties gradient along at least one plate dimension. Rolled, extruded or forged wrought metal plate is solution heat treated and rapidly cooled. The cooled plate is aged by heat treatment for time to arrive at different tempers across at least one plate dimension (length or width). Controlled heat-input into the plate along its length direction raises plate temperature above ambient temperature to temperature T 1 , and a temperature gradient is applied between temperature T 2 and T 3 , wherein T 2 >T 3 , across at least one direction of the plate by controlled heat-input into the plate from one side (width or thickness) of the plate to temperature T 2 and controlled cooling to temperature T 3 from the plate at the opposite side of the controlled heat-input, and ageing the plate while applying the temperature gradient between T 2 and T 3.
1. A method for manufacturing a heat-treatable wrought metal plate product having a length, width and thickness direction, and having a gradient in engineering properties along at least one dimension of length or width direction of the plate product, comprising the steps of:
a) providing a wrought metal plate product selected from a rolled, extruded or forged product,
b) subjecting the plate product to a solution heat treatment, and
c) rapidly cooling the plate product,
d) ageing the cooled product comprising heat treating for time to arrive at different tempers across at least one dimension in a length or width direction of the plate product,
said heat treating comprising heating the plate to raise temperature of the plate to temperature T 1 above ambient temperature, and
applying to the heated plate a temperature gradient between temperature T 2 and T 3 , wherein T 2 >T 1 and T 2 >T 3 , wherein T 3 is at or above ambient temperature, across at least one length or width or thickness direction of the plate by applying a controlled heat-input into the plate from one side of the plate product to temperature T 2 and a controlled cooling to temperature T 3 from the plate product at the opposite side of the controlled heat input,
wherein the heating the plate to raise temperature of the plate to temperature T 1 comprises heating a first wall of the plate to raise the temperature of the plate to temperature T 1 by directly applying heat to only the first wall, and
wherein, while maintaining said first wall at about temperature T 1 , the controlled heat-input into the plate from one side of the plate product to temperature T 2 comprises heating a second wall of the plate to the temperature T 2 by directly applying heat to only the second wall, and the controlled cooling to temperature T 3 from the plate product at the opposite side of the controlled heat input comprises cooling a third wall of the plate opposed to the second wall by directly applying cooling to only the third wall to the temperature T 3 , the first wall extending between the second wall and the third wall,
such temperature is controllable at the first, second and third walls of the plate, wherein a temperature gradient between T 2 and T 1 is in a range of 30° C. to 150° C., and
wherein the product plate ages while applying the temperature gradient between T 2 and T 3 .
2. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the heat treating comprises heating the plate along its length direction to raise temperature of the plate above ambient temperature to temperature T 1 .
3. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the heat treating comprises heating the first wall of the plate to raise the temperature of the plate to temperature T 1 , and, while maintaining said first wall at about temperature T 1 , heating the second wall of the plate to the temperature T 2 , cooling the third wall of the plate opposed to the second wall to the temperature T 3 , and maintaining a fourth wall opposed to the first wall at a temperature T 4 <T 2 .
4. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the heat treating comprises heating the first wall of the plate to raise the temperature of the plate to temperature T 1 , and, while maintaining said first wall at about temperature T 1 , heating the second wall of the plate to the temperature T 2 , cooling the third wall of the plate opposed to the second wall to the temperature T 3 , and maintaining a fourth wall opposed to the first wall at a temperature T 4 <T 1 .
5. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the heat treating comprises heating the first wall of the plate to raise the temperature of the plate to temperature T 1 , and, while maintaining said first wall at about temperature T 1 , heating the second wall of the plate to the temperature T 2 , cooling the third wall of the plate opposed to the second wall to the temperature T 3 , and maintaining a fourth wall opposed to the first wall at a temperature T 4 about equal to T 3 .
6. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the heat treating comprises heating the first wall of the plate to raise the temperature of the plate to temperature T 1 , and, while maintaining said first wall at about temperature T 1 , heating the second wall of the plate to the temperature T 2 , cooling the third wall of the plate opposed to the second wall to the temperature T 3 , and maintaining a fourth wall opposed to the first wall at a temperature T 4 about equal to T 1 .
7. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the controlled heat input from the at least one direction is carried out across the width direction.
8. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the heat input from the at least one direction is carried across the length direction.
9. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the ageing comprises artificial ageing, wherein T 1 and T 3 are above ambient temperature.
10. The method according to claim 1 , wherein T 1 is above ambient temperature and T 3 is at about ambient temperature.
11. The method according to claim 1 , wherein in step d) the temperature T 1 is in the range of 50° C. to 220° C.
12. The method according to claim 1 , wherein in step d) the temperature T 1 is in the range of 50° C. to 200° C.
13. The method according to claim 1 , wherein in step d) the temperature gradient (T 2 −T 1 ) is in a range of 45 to 150° C.
14. The method according to claim 1 , wherein in step d) the temperature gradient (T 2 −T 1 ) is in a range of 45 to 80° C.
15. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the wrought metal product has a gradient in engineering properties along at least two dimensions.
16. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the wrought metal product is an aluminum alloy.
17. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the wrought metal product is an aluminum alloy structural member of an aeronautical construction, in particular an upper wing skin, lower wing skin, wing rib, spar, or stringer.
18. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the applying to the heated plate of said temperature gradient between temperature T 2 and T 3 is across at least one width or thickness direction of the plate.
19. The method according to claim 1 , wherein:
T 3 is less than or equal to T 1 .
20. The method according to claim 1 ,
wherein a cooler for cooling the third wall comprises one or more heat sinks from at least one direction of the wrought metal product opposite to the direction of controlled heat-input; and
wherein a first heater for said applying of heat to the first wall and a second heater for said applying of heat to the second wall are each selected from at least one member of the group consisting of a heating plate, an induction heating device, arrays of induction coils, arrays of gas burners, devices for distributing jets of hot fluid, and electrical resistors.