Photo-Acoustic Flow Meter
A photo-acoustic flow meter for use in dialysis is described, that uses an optical beam to generate an acoustic signal in the fluid for which the flow rate is to be measured. The phase angle of the acoustic signal changes when traversing upstream and when traversing downstream. The phase difference between the acoustic signals received upstream and downstream, compared with a reference source signal is measured, and it yields the flow rate of the fluid.
1 . A method for measuring the flow of a fluid during dialysis, the method comprising:
projecting an optical beam into said fluid wherein said fluid flows through a fluid pathway in a disposable manifold;
detecting the resultant acoustic signal at a first point upstream and at a second point downstream in the fluid;
determining the phase difference between said acoustic signal detected upstream and said acoustic signal detected downstream in the fluid; and
computing the rate of flow of said fluid from said determined phase difference.
2 . The method of claim 1 , wherein said fluid is blood.
3 . The method of claim 1 , wherein said fluid is dialysate.
4 . The method of claim 1 , wherein said optical beam is generated by a laser system.
5 . The method of claim 1 , wherein said optical beam is projected perpendicular to the direction of flow of said fluid.
6 . The method of claim 1 , wherein said phase difference is determined by subjecting to subtraction the signals representative of said acoustic signal phase detected upstream and downstream.
7 . The method of claim 1 , wherein renal dialysis includes any one or a combination of hemodialysis, hemofiltration and hemodiafiltration.
8 . A photo-acoustic flow meter for measuring the flow of a fluid during dialysis, the photo-acoustic flow meter comprising:
a fluid pathway having a transparent section therein;
an optical system for projecting an optical beam into said fluid, wherein said fluid flows through said fluid pathway and wherein the optical beam is projected through said transparent section;
a first acoustic detector for detecting the acoustic signal at a first point upstream from said transparent section;
a second acoustic detector for detecting said acoustic signal at a second point downstream from said transparent section;
means for determining the phase difference between said acoustic signal detected upstream and said acoustic signal detected downstream; and
means for computing the rate of flow of said fluid from the determined phase difference.
9 . The photo-acoustic flow meter of claim 9 , wherein said means for determining the phase difference comprises a subtraction unit.
10 . The photo-acoustic flow meter of claim 9 , wherein said optical system is a pulsed laser system.
11 . The photo-acoustic pulse flow meter of claim 9 , wherein said optical beam is projected perpendicular to the direction of flow of said fluid.
12 . The photo-acoustic flow meter of claim 9 , wherein said fluid is blood.
13 . The photo-acoustic flow meter of claim 9 , wherein said fluid is dialysate.
14 . The photo-acoustic flow meter of claim 1 , wherein renal dialysis includes any one or a combination of hemodialysis, hemofiltration and hemodiafiltration.