Method and apparatus for the treatment of the intervertebral disc annulus
This disclosure presents methods and devices for treating a tear, rent, incision, defect, aperture or delamination of the annulus fibrosus of an intervertebral disc. The methods and devices can employ fixation delivery apparatuses, fixation apparatuses, patch delivery tools and patches positioned, at least in part, in or on aspects of an intervertebral disc for treatment of the intervertebral disc or its components. In some aspects, these techniques include the use of this includes a fixation apparatus that includes at least one bone anchor connected to at least one disc anchor by a shortenable elongate member.
1. A method of intervertebral disc repair for treating a disc having a defect in the wall of the disc's annulus fibrosus, the method comprising:
providing a bone anchor having a shortenable elongate member attached thereto;
inserting the bone anchor into a vertebra that is contiguous to a disc having a defect in the wall of the disc's annulus fibrosus;
disposing a portion of the elongate member proximate to the defect in the wall of the annulus fibrosus;
providing a fixation device having a first member, a second member, and a connecting element therebetween;
placing the first member of the fixation device into, or through, the wall of the annulus fibrosus on a first side of the portion of the elongate member;
placing the second member of the fixation device into, or through, the wall of the annulus fibrosus on a second side of the portion of the elongate member so that the connecting element between the first member and the second member extends across the portion of the elongate member;
after the second member is placed, shortening a length of the connecting element between the first member and second member; and
shortening the elongate member to an extent sufficient to cause the connecting element between the first member and the second member to be drawn in tension to pull, wholly or partially, annulus fibrosus tissue toward the bone anchor in the vertebra.
2. The method of claim 1 wherein the elongate member comprises a loop or tether.
3. The method of claim 2 wherein the loop comprises a line, wire, filament, band or suture.
4. The method of claim 3 wherein the tether comprises a line, wire, filament, band or suture.
5. The method of claim 1 wherein the fixation device has a third member connected to the connecting element.
6. The method of claim 1 wherein the step of placing the first member further comprises:
disposing the first member proximate to the defect in the wall of the annulus fibrosus.
7. The method of claim 6 wherein the step of placing the second member further comprises:
disposing the second member proximate to the defect in the wall of the annulus fibrosus.
8. The method of claim 1 wherein the connecting element comprises a line, wire, filament, band or suture.
9. The method of claim 1 wherein the first member is placed before the second member is placed.
10. The method of claim 1 wherein the placing steps occur simultaneously.
11. The method of claim 1 wherein the bone anchor comprises a bone screw, a T-anchor, a barb, an expandable element or an adhesive.
12. A method for repair of a defect in the annulus fibrosus tissue of an intervertebral disc, the method comprising:
inserting a bone anchor having a shortenable elongate member attached thereto into a vertebra that is contiguous to a disc having a defect to be repaired in the disc's annulus fibrosus tissue;
aligning a portion of the elongate member proximate to the defect;
inserting a first anchor member having a first elongate element attached thereto into or through annulus fibrosus tissue on one side of the portion of the elongate member;
inserting a second anchor member having a second elongate element attached thereto into or through the annulus fibrosus tissue on the other side of the portion of the elongate member;
providing an adjustable coupling that extends over the portion of the elongate member between the first elongate element of the first anchor member and the second elongate element of the second anchor member;
applying tension to the coupling between the first and second elongate elements thereby shortening a length of the coupling; and
shortening a length of the elongate member between the bone anchor and the coupling.
13. The method of claim 12 wherein the elongate member comprises a loop or tether.
14. The method of claim 13 wherein the loop comprises a line, wire, filament, band or suture.
15. The method of claim 13 wherein the tether comprises a line, wire, filament, band or structure.
16. The method of claim 12 , and further comprising:
inserting a third anchor member having a third elongate element attached thereto into or through the annulus fibrosus tissue at a location spaced from the insertions of the first and second anchor members, wherein the adjustable coupling also extends to the third elongate element; and
prior to the step of shortening the length of the elongate member, applying tension to the coupling between the first, second and third elongate elements.
17. The method of claim 12 wherein the step of inserting the first anchor member further comprises disposing the first anchor member proximate to the defect in the annulus fibrosus tissue.
18. The method of claim 17 wherein the step of inserting the second anchor member further comprises disposing the second anchor member proximate to the defect in the annulus fibrosus tissue.
19. The method of claim 12 wherein the coupling comprises a loop.
20. The method of claim 19 wherein the loop comprises a line, wire, filament, band or suture.
21. The method of claim 12 wherein the first anchor member is inserted before the second anchor member.
22. The method of claim 12 wherein the first anchor and second anchor inserting steps occur simultaneously.
23. The method of claim 12 wherein the bone anchor comprises a bone screw, a T-anchor, a barb, an expandable element or an adhesive.
24. A method for repair of a defect in the annulus fibrosus tissue of an intervertebral disc, the method comprising:
inserting a bone anchor having a shortenable elongate member attached thereto into a vertebra that is contiguous to a disc having a defect to be repaired in the disc's annulus fibrosus tissue;
aligning a portion of the elongate member proximate to the defect;
inserting a first anchor member having a first elongate element attached thereto into or through annulus fibrosus tissue on one side of the portion of the elongate member;
inserting a second anchor member having a second elongate element attached thereto into or through annulus fibrosus tissue on the other side of the portion of the elongate member;
providing a coupling that extends over the portion of the elongate member between the first elongate element of the first anchor member and the second elongate element of the second anchor member, wherein the coupling comprises a loop; and
shortening a length of the elongate member between the bone anchor and the coupling.
25. The method of claim 24 , and further comprising:
shortening a length of the coupling that extends over the portion of the elongate member between the first anchor member and second anchor member.
26. The method of claim 24 wherein the loop comprises a line, wire, filament, band or suture.
27. The method of claim 24 , and further comprising:
inserting a third anchor member having a third elongate element attached thereto into or through the annulus fibrosus tissue at a location spaced from the insertions of the first and second anchor members, wherein the coupling also extends to the third elongate element.
28. The method of claim 27 , and further comprising:
shortening a length of the coupling that extends over the portion of the elongate member, after the first, second and third anchor inserting steps.
29. The method of claim 24 wherein the step of inserting the first anchor member further comprises disposing the first anchor member proximate to the defect in the annulus fibrosus tissue.
30. The method of claim 29 wherein the step of inserting the second anchor member further comprises disposing the second anchor member proximate to the defect in the annulus fibrosus tissue.
31. The method of claim 24 wherein the first anchor member is inserted before the second anchor member.
32. The method of claim 24 wherein the first anchor and second anchor inserting steps occur simultaneously.
33. The method of claim 24 wherein the bone anchor comprises a bone screw, a T-anchor, a barb, an expandable element or an adhesive.