Noninvasive physiological analysis using excitation-sensor modules and related devices and methods
Methods and apparatus for qualifying and quantifying excitation-dependent physiological information extracted from wearable sensors in the midst of interference from unwanted sources are provided. An organism is interrogated with at least one excitation energy, energy response signals from two or more distinct physiological regions are sensed, and these signals are processed to generate an extracted signal. The extracted signal is compared with a physiological model to qualify and/or quantify a physiological property. Additionally, important physiological information can be qualified and quantified by comparing the excitation wavelength-dependent response, measured via wearable sensors, with a physiological model.
1. A method of monitoring at least one physiological property of an organism, comprising:
directing energy at a target region of the organism and at a region adjacent the target region, wherein the target region comprises substantially more blood vessels than the adjacent region;
detecting an energy response signal from the target region and an energy response signal from the adjacent region, wherein the directing and detecting steps are performed by a device worn by the organism;
processing the detected signals to produce an extracted energy response signal; and
comparing the extracted energy response signal with a physiological model to assess a physiological condition of the organism.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein directing energy at the target region and adjacent region comprises directing electromagnetic radiation, mechanical energy, acoustical energy, electrical energy, and/or thermal energy at the target region and adjacent region.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein processing the detected signals to produce an extracted energy response signal comprises subtracting the energy response signal from the region adjacent to the target region from the energy response signal from the target region.
4. The method of claim 1 , further comprising differentially amplifying the energy response signal from the target region and the energy response signal from a region adjacent to the target region prior to the processing step.
5. The method of claim 1 , further comprising amplifying the extracted energy response signal prior to the comparing step.
6. The method of claim 1 , further comprising transmitting the extracted energy response signal to a remote device.
7. The method of claim 6 , wherein transmitting the extracted energy response signal to a device comprises wirelessly transmitting the extracted energy response signal.
8. The method of claim 6 , wherein the device is selected from the group consisting of computing devices, communication devices, and entertainment devices.
9. The method of claim 1 , further comprising transmitting the extracted energy response signal to the organism.
10. The method of claim 1 , wherein directing energy at the target region and adjacent region of the organism comprises directing electromagnetic radiation via at least one optical emitter.
11. The method of claim 8 , wherein the at least one optical emitter is selected from the group consisting of laser diodes (LDs), light-emitting diodes (LEDs), and organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs).
12. The method of claim 8 , wherein the at least one optical emitter comprises at least one array of optical emitters.
13. The method of claim 1 , wherein detecting an energy response signal from the target region and an energy response signal from a region adjacent to the target region comprises detecting via at least one detector selected from the group consisting of acoustic detectors, auscultatory detectors, motion detectors, optical detectors, thermal detectors, and piezoelectric detectors.
14. The method of claim 1 , wherein the physiological condition of the organism includes properties of skin, blood, and/or blood vessels of the organism.
15. The method of claim 1 , wherein the physiological condition of the organism comprises one or more of the following: blood pressure, volume of blood flow through a blood vessel, and size of at least one blood vessel.
16. The method of claim 1 , wherein the target region comprises vascular and non-vascular tissue, and wherein the adjacent region is dominated by non-vascular tissue.
17. The method of claim 1 , wherein directing energy at a target region of the organism comprises directing electromagnetic radiation via at least one optical emitter and wherein detecting energy response signals from the target region and region adjacent to the target region comprises electrically biasing at least one optical emitter to operate as an optical detector.
18. The method of claim 12 , wherein the at least one array of optical emitters comprises at least one monolithic array of optical emitters.
19. The method of claim 12 , wherein the at least one array of optical emitters comprises at least one partially monolithic array of optical emitters.
20. The method of claim 1 , wherein directing energy at a target region of the organism comprises directing electromagnetic radiation at different wavelengths.
21. The method of claim 1 , wherein detecting an energy response signal from the target region and an energy response signal from a region adjacent to the target region comprises detecting electromagnetic radiation at different wavelengths.
22. The method of claim 21 , further comprising measuring blood flow in the organism by detecting electromagnetic radiation at a first wavelength and measuring motion of the organism by detecting electromagnetic radiation at a second wavelength that is shorter than the first wavelength.
23. The method of claim 1 , wherein processing the detected signals to produce an extracted signal comprises subtracting a signal associated with motion from a signal associated with a physiological condition of the organism.
24. The method of claim 1 , wherein the device is a wearable device that comprises a plurality of emitters and a plurality of detectors.
25. A method of monitoring at least one physiological property of an organism, comprising:
directing energy at a target region of the organism, wherein the target region has a substantial amount of blood vessels;
detecting an energy response signal from the target region and an energy response signal from a region adjacent the target region, wherein the adjacent region has a substantially less amount of blood vessels than the target region, wherein the directing and detecting steps are performed by a device worn by the organism;
processing the detected signals to produce an extracted energy response signal; and
comparing the extracted energy response signal with a physiological model to assess a physiological condition of the organism.
26. The method of claim 25 , wherein directing energy at the target region comprises directing electromagnetic radiation, mechanical energy, acoustical energy, electrical energy, and/or thermal energy at the target region.
27. The method of claim 25 , wherein processing the detected signals to produce an extracted energy response signal comprises subtracting the energy response signal from the region adjacent to the target region from the energy response signal from the target region.
28. The method of claim 25 , further comprising amplifying the extracted energy response signal prior to the comparing step.
29. The method of claim 25 , further comprising transmitting the extracted energy response signal to a remote device.
30. The method of claim 29 , wherein transmitting the extracted energy response signal to a device comprises wirelessly transmitting the extracted energy response signal.
31. The method of claim 30 , wherein the device is selected from the group consisting of computing devices, communication devices, and entertainment devices.
32. The method of claim 25 , further comprising transmitting the extracted energy response signal to the organism.
33. The method of claim 25 , wherein directing energy at the target region of the organism comprises directing electromagnetic radiation via at least one optical emitter.
34. The method of claim 33 , wherein the at least one optical emitter is selected from the group consisting of laser diodes (LDs), light-emitting diodes (LEDs), and organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs).
35. The method of claim 33 , wherein the at least one optical emitter comprises at least one array of optical emitters.
36. The method of claim 25 , wherein detecting an energy response signal from the target region and an energy response signal from a region adjacent to the target region comprises detecting via at least one detector selected from the group consisting of acoustic detectors, auscultatory detectors, motion detectors, optical detectors, thermal detectors, and piezoelectric detectors.
37. The method of claim 25 , wherein the physiological condition of the organism includes properties of skin, blood, and/or blood vessels of the organism.
38. The method of claim 25 , wherein the physiological condition of the organism comprises one or more of the following: blood pressure, volume of blood flow through a blood vessel, and size of at least one blood vessel.
39. The method of claim 25 , wherein the target region comprises vascular and non-vascular tissue, and wherein the adjacent region is dominated by non-vascular tissue.
40. The method of claim 25 , wherein directing energy at a target region of the organism comprises directing electromagnetic radiation via at least one optical emitter and wherein detecting energy response signals from the target region and region adjacent to the target region comprises electrically biasing at least one optical emitter to operate as an optical detector.
41. The method of claim 25 , wherein processing the detected signals to produce an extracted signal comprises subtracting a signal associated with motion from a signal associated with a physiological condition of the organism.
42. The method of claim 25 , wherein the device is a wearable device that comprises a plurality of emitters and a plurality of detectors.