Spiro 2,4-pyrimidinediamine compounds and their uses

1. A method of treating an autoimmune disease and/or one or more symptoms associated therewith, comprising administering to a subject suffering from an autoimmune disease an effective amount of a 2,4-pyrimidinediamine compound according to structural formula (VI):

or a salt or N-oxide thereof, wherein:

R 2 is selected from the group consisting of (C1-C6) alkyl optionally substituted with one or more of the same or different R 8 groups, 3-8 membered cycloheteroalkyl optionally substituted with one or more of the same or different R 8 groups, (C5-C15) aryl optionally substituted with one or more of the same or different R 8 groups, and 5-15 membered heteroaryl optionally substituted with one or more of the same or different R 8 groups;

each W is, independently of the other, —CR 31 R 31 —;

X is selected from the group consisting of —N— and —CH—;

Y and Z are each, independently of one another, selected from the group consisting of —O—, —S—, —SO—, —SO 2 —, —SONR 36 —, —NH—, and —NR 35 ;

R 5 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, —OR d , —SR d , (C1-C3) haloalkyloxy, (C1-C3) perhaloalkyloxy, —NR c R c , halogen, (C1-C3) haloalkyl, (C1-C3) perhaloalkyl, —CN, —NC, —OCN, —SCN, —NO, —NO 2 , —N 3 , —S(O)R d , —S(O) 2 R d , —S(O) 2 OR d , —S(O)NR c R c ; —S(O) 2 NR c R c , —OS(O)R d , —OS(O) 2 R d , —OS(O) 2 OR d , —OS(O)NR c R c , —OS(O) 2 NR c R c , —C(O)R d , C(O)OR d , —C(O)NR c R c , —C(NH)NR c R c , —OC(O)R d , —SC(O)R d , —OC(O)OR d , —SC(O)OR d , —OC(O)NR c R c , —SC(O)NR c R c , —OC(NH)NR c R c , —SC(NH)NR c R c , —[NHC(O)] n R d , —[NHC(O)] n OR d , —[NHC(O)] n NR c R c and —[NHC(NH) n ]NR c R c , (C5-C10) aryl optionally substituted with one or more of the same or different R 8 groups, (C6-C16) arylalkyl optionally substituted with one or more of the same or different R 8 groups, 5-10 membered heteroaryl optionally substituted with one or more of the same or different R 8 groups and 6-16 membered heteroarylalkyl optionally substituted with one or more of the same or different R 8 groups, (C1-C6) alkyl optionally substituted with one or more of the same or different R 8 groups, (C1-C4) alkanyl optionally substituted with one or more of the same or different R 8 groups (C2-C4) alkenyl optionally substituted with one or more of the same or different R 8 groups and (C2-C4) alkyl optionally substituted with one or more of the same or different R 8 groups;

R 6 independently is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, —OR d , —SR d , (C1-C3) haloalkyloxy, (C1-C3) perhaloalkyloxy, —NR c R c , halogen, (C1-C3) haloalkyl, (C1-C3) perhaloalkyl, —CN, —NC, —OCN, —SCN, —NO, —NO 2 , —N 3 , —S(O)R d , —S(O) 2 R d , —S(O) 2 OR d , —S(O)NR c R c , —S(O) 2 NR c R c , —OS(O)R d , —OS(O) 2 R d , —OS(O) 2 OR d , —OS(O)NR c R c , —OS(O) 2 NR c R c , —C(O)R d , —C(O)OR d , —C(O)NR c R c , —C(NH)NR c R c , —OC(O)R d , —SC(O)R d , —OC(O)OR d , —SC(O)OR d , —OC(O)NR c R c , —SC(O)NR c R c , —OC(NH)NR c R c , —SC(NH)NR c R c , —[NHC(O)] n R d , —[NHC(O)] n OR d , —[NHC(O)] n NR c R c and —[NHC(NH)] n NR c R c , (C5-C10) aryl optionally substituted with one or more of the same or different R 8 groups, (C6-C16) arylalkyl optionally substituted with one or more of the same or different R 8 groups, 5-10 membered heteroaryl optionally substituted with one or more of the same or different R 8 groups and 6-16 membered heteroarylalkyl optionally substituted with one or more of the same or different R 8 groups;

R 8 is selected from the group consisting of R a , R b , R a substituted with one or more of the same or different R a or R b , —OR a substituted with one or more of the same or different R a or R b , —B(OR a ) 2 , —B(NR c R c ) 2 , —(CH 2 ) m —R b , —(CHR a ) m —R b , —O—(CH 2 ) m —R b , —S—(CH 2 ) m —R b , —O—CHR a R b , —O—CR a (R b ) 2 , —O—(CHR a ) m —R b , —O—(CH 2 ) m —CH[(CH 2 ) m R b ]R b , —S—(CHR a ) m —R b , —C(O)NH—(CH 2 ) m —R b , —C(O)NH—(CHR a ) m —R b , —O—(CH 2 ) m —C(O)NH—(CH 2 ) m —R b , —S—(CH 2 ) m —C(O)NH—(CH 2 ) m —R b , —O—(CHR a ) m —C(O)NH—(CHR a ) m —R b , —S—(CHR a ) m —C(O)NH—(CHR a ) m —R b , —NH—(CH 2 ) m —R b , —NH—(CHR a ) m —R b , —NH[(CH 2 ) m R b ], —N[(CH 2 ) m R b ] 2 , —NH—C(O)—NH—(CH 2 ) m —R b , —NH—C(O)—(CH 2 ) m —CHR b R b and —NH—(CH 2 ) m —C(O)—NH—(CH 2 ) m —R b ;

each R 31 is, independently of the others, hydrogen or (C1-C6) alkyl optionally substituted with one or more of the same or different R 8 groups,

each R 35 is, independently of the other, selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and R 8 , or, alternatively, the two R 35 groups are taken together to form an oxo (═O), or ═NR 38 group;

each R 36 is, independently of the others, selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and (C1-C6) alkyl;

R 38 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, (C1-C6) alkyl and (C5-C14) aryl;

each R a is, independently of the others, selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, (C1-C6) alkyl, (C3-C8) cycloalkyl, (C4-C11) cycloalkylalkyl, (C5-C10) aryl, (C6-C16) arylalkyl, 2-6 membered heteroalkyl, 3-8 membered cycloheteroalkyl, 11 membered cycloheteroalkylalkyl, 5-10 membered heteroaryl and 6-16 membered heteroarylalkyl;

each R b is, independently selected from the group consisting of ═O, —OR d , (C1-C3) haloalkyloxy, ═S, —SR d , ═NR d , ═NOR d , —NR c R c , halogen, —CF 3 , —CN, —NC, —OCN, —SCN, —NO, —NO 2 , ═N 2 , —N 3 , —S(O)R d , —S(O) 2 R d , —S(O) 2 OR d , —S(O)NR c R c , —S(O) 2 NR c R c , —OS(O)R d , —OS(O) 2 R d , —OS(O) 2 OR d , —OS(O) 2 NR c R c , —C(O)R d , —C(O)OR d , —C(O)NR c R c , —C(NH)NR c R c , —C(NR a )NR c R c , —C(NOH)R a , —C(NOH)NR c R c , —OC(O)R d , —OC(O)OR d , —OC(O)NR c R c , —OC(NH)NR c R c , —OC(NR a )NR c R c , —[NHC(O)] n R d , —[NR a C(O)] n R d , —[NHC(O)] n OR d , —[NR a C(O)] n OR d , —[NHC(O)] n NR c R c , —[NR a C(O)] n R c R c , —[NHC(NH)] n NR c R c and —[NR a C(NR a )] n NR c R c ;

each R c is, independently of the others, R a , or alternatively, two R c , taken together with the nitrogen atom to which they are bonded, form 5 to 8-membered cycloheteroalkyl or heteroaryl, said cycloheteroalkyl and heteroaryl each optionally comprising one or more of the same or different additional heteroatoms and each optionally substituted with one or more of the same or different R a or R b groups;

each R d is, independently of the others, R a ;

each m is, independently of the others, an integer from 1 to 3;

each n is, independently of the others, an integer from 0 to 3; and

o is an integer from 1 to 6.

2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the autoimmune disease is selected from the group consisting of Hashimoto's thyroiditis, autoimmune hemolytic anemia, autoimmune atrophic gastritis of pernicious anemia, autoimmune encephalomyelitis, autoimmune orchitis, Goodpasture's disease, autoimmune thrombocytopenia, sympathetic ophthalmia, myasthenia gravis, Graves' disease, primary biliary cirrhosis, chronic aggressive hepatitis, ulcerative colitis, membranous glomerulopathy, systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, Sjogren's syndrome, Reiter's syndrome, polymyositis-dermatomyositis, systemic sclerosis, polyarteritis nodosa, multiple sclerosis and bullous pemphigoid.

3. The method of claim 2 , wherein the autoimmune disease is selected from the group consisting of Hashimoto's thyroiditis, autoimmune hemolytic anemia, autoimmune atrophic gastritis of pernicious anemia, autoimmune encephalomyelitis, autoimmune orchitis, Goodpasture's disease, autoimmune thrombocytopenia, sympathetic ophthalmia, myasthenia gravis, Graves' disease, primary biliary cirrhosis, chronic aggressive hepatitis, ulcerative colitis, and membranous glomerulopathy.

4. The method of claim 2 , wherein the autoimmune disease is selected from the group consisting of systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, Sjogren's syndrome, Reiter's syndrome, polymyositis-dermatomyositis, systemic sclerosis, polyarteritis nodosa, multiple sclerosis and bullous pemphigoid.

5. The method of claim 4 , wherein the autoimmune disease is systemic lupus erythematosus.

6. The method of claim 4 , wherein the autoimmune disease is rheumatoid arthritis.

7. The method of claim 4 , wherein the autoimmune disease is multiple sclerosis.