Methods for increasing starch content in plants
Methods and compositions for increasing the starch content in green tissues of a plant are provided. The method comprises down-regulating the activity of starch degradation enzymes in a plant. The resulting transgenic plants of the invention have increased starch content in green tissues and exhibit a starch excess phenotype. In one embodiment the method involves manipulating a monocot plant to down-regulate the activity of a starch degradation enzyme. The plants are useful for improving the yield of free sugars from plant biomass and increase dried green tissue storage stability.
1. A method for increasing starch content in green tissues of a plant comprising:
a) inserting an expression cassette into a plant cell comprising a polynucleotide operably linked to a regulatory element that ensures transcription in plant cells, wherein expression of the polynucleotide inhibits or suppresses the expression of one or more endogenous starch degradation enzymes in green tissues selected from the group consisting of chloroplastic alpha amylase, glucan water dikinase, phosphoglucan water dikinase, limit dextrinase, isoamylase, chloroplastic beta-amylase, chloroplastic glucan phosphorylase, disproportionating enzyme, chloroplastic maltose transporter protein (Mex1), chloroplastic glucose transporter protein, and chloroplastic triose phosphate transporter protein, and wherein said regulatory element is a phosphoenol pyruvate carboxylase promoter and the plant cell is of a plant selected from the group consisting of maize, sugarcane, sorghum, millet, and switchgrass;
b) regenerating transgenic plants from the plant cell of a); and
c) producing said green tissue with increased starch content.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein said plant is an energy crop.
3. A method of improving the yield of free sugars from plant biomass for a biomass conversion method, said method comprising:
a) inserting an expression cassette into a plant cell comprising a polynucleotide operably linked to a regulatory element that ensures transcription in plant cells, wherein expression of the polynucleotide inhibits or suppresses the expression of one or more endogenous starch degradation enzymes in green tissues selected from the group consisting of chloroplastic alpha amylase, glucan water dikinase, phosphoglucan water dikinase, limit dextrinase, isoamylase, chloroplastic beta-amylase, chloroplastic glucan phosphorylase, disproportionating enzyme, chloroplastic maltose transporter protein (Mex1), chloroplastic glucose transporter protein, and chloroplastic triose phosphate transporter protein, and wherein said regulatory element is a phospohenol pyruvate carboxylase promoter and the plant cell is of a plant selected from the group consisting of maize, sugarcane, sorghum, millet, and switchgrass;
b) regenerating transgenic plants from the plant cell of a);
c) growing said transgenic plants under conditions in which the polynucleotide is expressed, wherein expression of the polynucleotide results in an increase in starch content in green tissues of said plant, and d) processing said transgenic plant in a biomass conversion method.
4. The method of claim 3 , wherein said plant is an energy crop.
5. The method of claim 3 , wherein said biomass conversion method is a non-animal feed biomass conversion method.
6. The method of claim 5 , wherein said non-animal feed biomass conversion method converts carbohydrates to one or more biofuels.
7. A method of increasing biomass storage stability of dried plant tissue comprising:
a) inserting an expression cassette into a plant cell comprising a polynucleotide operably linked to a regulatory element that ensures transcription in plant cells, wherein expression of the polynucleotide inhibits or suppresses the expression of one or more endogenous starch degradation enzymes in green tissues selected from the group consisting of chloroplastic alpha amylase, glucan water dikinase, phosphoglucan water dikinase, limit dextrinase, isoamylase, chloroplastic beta-amylase, chloroplastic glucan phosphorylase, disproportionating enzyme, chloroplastic maltose transporter protein (Mex1), chloroplastic glucose transporter protein, and chloroplastic triose phosphate transporter protein, wherein said regulatory element is a phospohenol pyruvate carboxylase promoter and the plant cell is of a plant selected from the group consisting of sugarcane and sorghum;
b) regeneration of transgenic plants from the plant cell of a); and
c) harvesting and drying of plant biomass from said transgenic plants.
8. The method of claim 7 , wherein said plant is an energy crop.
9. A method for increasing starch content in green tissues of a plant comprising:
a) inserting an expression cassette into a plant cell comprising a polynucleotide operably linked to a regulatory element that ensures transcription in plant cells, wherein expression of the polynucleotide inhibits or suppresses the expression of one or more endogenous starch degradation enzymes in green tissues selected from the group consisting of chloroplastic alpha amylase, glucan water dikinase, phosphoglucan water dikinase, limit dextrinase, isoamylase, chloroplastic beta-amylase, chloroplastic glucan phosphorylase, disproportionating enzyme, chloroplastic maltose transporter protein (Mex1), chloroplastic glucose transporter protein, and chloroplastic triose phosphate transporter protein, and wherein said regulatory element is a phospohenol pyruvate carboxylase promoter and the plant cell is of a plant selected from the group consisting of maize, sugarcane, sorghum, millet, and switchgrass;
b) inserting a second expression cassette into said plant cell comprising a second polynucleotide operably linked to a regulatory element that ensures transcription in plant cells, wherein the second polynucleotide encodes a processing enzyme;
c) regenerating transgenic plants from the plant cell of b); and
d) producing said green tissue with increased starch content.
10. The method of claim 9 , wherein the processing enzyme is an alpha-amylase.
11. The method of claim 1 , wherein expression of the polynucleotide inhibits or suppresses the expression of glucan water dikinase.
12. The method of claim 3 , wherein expression of the polynucleotide inhibits or suppresses the expression of glucan water dikinase.
13. The method of claim 7 , wherein expression of the polynucleotide inhibits or suppresses the expression of glucan water dikinase.
14. The method of claim 9 , wherein expression of the polynucleotide inhibits or suppresses the expression of glucan water dikinase.