Systems, devices, and methods for analog processing
View Patent ↗A system employs a plurality of physical qubits, each having a respective bias operable to up to six differentiable inputs to solve a Quadratic Unconstrained Binary Optimization problem. Some physical qubit couplers are operated as intra-logical qubit couplers to ferromagnetically couple respective pairs of the physical qubits as a logical qubit, where each logical qubit represents a variable from the Quadratic Unconstrained Binary Optimization problem. The logical qubits may include two or more physical qubits.
1. A system operable to solve Quadratic Unconstrained Binary Optimization problems, the system comprising:
a plurality of physical qubits, each of the physical qubits having a respective bias operable to supply the physical qubit with inputs to solve a Quadratic Unconstrained Binary Optimization problem; and
a plurality of physical qubit couplers, each of the physical qubit couplers selectively operable to couple a respective pair of the physical qubits, wherein
a first number of the physical qubit couplers are operated as intra-logical qubit couplers where each of the first number of the physical qubit couplers have a respective coupling strength that ferromagnetically couples a respective pair of the physical qubits as a logical qubit, where each logical qubit represents a variable from the Quadratic Unconstrained Binary Optimization problem; and
a second number of the physical qubit couplers are operated as inter-logical qubit couplers, wherein each of the second number of the physical qubit couplers have a respective coupling strength that controllably couples a respective pair of the physical qubits, where each of the physical qubits in the pair is part of different ones of the logical qubits and wherein at least two variables from the Quadratic Unconstrained Binary Optimization problem are assigned to two respective logical qubits.
2. The system of claim 1 wherein the physical qubits are superconducting flux qubits.
3. The system of claim 1 wherein the respective coupling strength of each qubit coupler in the second number of the physical qubit couplers is at least one of an about zero coupling strength, an anti-ferromagnetic coupling strength, and a ferromagnetic coupling strength.
4. The system of claim 1 wherein the respective bias controls a tunneling rate of each of the physical qubits.
5. The system of claim 1 wherein the respective bias controls a height of a potential barrier between a first state and a second state of the physical qubit.
6. The system of claim 5 wherein decreasing the height of the potential barrier allows a state of the physical qubit to change from the first state to the second state.
7. The system of claim 5 wherein increasing the height of the potential barrier ensures a state of the physical qubit does not change from the first state to the second state.
8. The system of claim 1 wherein each of the respective logical qubits includes at least two of the physical qubits coupled by at least one of the physical qubit couplers.
9. The system of claim 1 wherein each pair from the at least two variables have a relationship in the Quadratic Unconstrained Binary Optimization problem which is represented by a respective controllable coupling between a respective physical qubit from each of the respective logical qubits.
10. The system of claim 9 wherein each respective controllable coupling is produced by a respective physical coupler from the second number of physical qubit couplers.
11. The system of claim 1 wherein at least one physical coupler is capable of producing at least one of an about zero coupling, a ferromagnetic coupling, an anti-ferromagnetic coupling and a transverse coupling.
12. The system of claim 1 wherein a number of physical qubit couplers coupling each physical qubit to other physical qubits in the plurality of physical qubits is three.
13. The system of claim 1 wherein a number of physical qubit couplers coupling each physical qubit to other physical qubits in the plurality of physical qubits is greater than three.
14. The system of claim 1 wherein each physical qubit is degree-3.
15. The system of claim 1 wherein the plurality of physical qubits and the plurality of physical qubit couplers form an interconnected topology.
16. The system of claim 15 wherein the interconnected topology is a geometric graph.
17. The system of claim 16 wherein the Quadratic Unconstrained Binary Optimization problem is embedded onto a subset of the geometric graph.
18. The system of claim 17 wherein determining the lowest energy state of the subset corresponds to a solution to the Quadratic Unconstrained Binary Optimization problem.
19. The system of claim 1 wherein each of the physical qubits includes a respective bias operable to supply the physical qubit with up to six differentiable inputs to solve a Quadratic Unconstrained Binary Optimization problem.
20. The system of claim 19 wherein the at least one of the up to six differentiable inputs is selected from the group consisting of: an about zero energy, an amount of energy, a standard unit of energy in addition to the amount of energy, the standard unit of energy in addition to the amount of energy with a negative magnitude, the standard unit of energy in addition to twice the amount of energy, and the standard unit of energy in addition to thrice the amount of energy.
21. The system of claim 20 wherein the amount of energy is determined by making measurements of at least one of the physical qubit couplers.
22. The system of claim 20 wherein the amount of energy is a parameter dependent upon the Quadratic Unconstrained Binary Optimization problem.
23. The system of claim 1 wherein the Quadratic Unconstrained Binary Optimization problem is a Maximum Independent Set problem.
24. The system of claim 1 wherein the respective bias is operable to supply the physical qubit with at least four differentiable inputs to solve the Quadratic Unconstrained Binary Optimization problem.