CERAMIC-BASED CHROMATOGRAPHY APPARATUS AND METHODS FOR MAKING SAME
A high-performance liquid-chromatography apparatus includes a substrate that defines a separation column in fluidic communication with an inlet port of the processing unit. The processing unit is formed of sintered inorganic particles. The apparatus also includes a pump that delivers a solvent to the inlet port at a pressure sufficient for high-performance liquid-chromatography.
1 . A chemical-processing instrument, comprising;
a processing unit comprising sintered inorganic particles, the processing unit that surround a cavity defining a separation column in fluidic communication with an inlet port of the processing unit, wherein the cavity contains a stationary medium;
a pump configured to deliver a liquid comprising a solvent at a pressure sufficient for high-performance liquid chromatography; and
a connector in physical communication with the inlet port, and configured to provide a substantially leak-free connection for a conduit that carries the liquid delivered by the pump.
2 . The instrument of claim 1 , wherein the separation column has a width of less than about 500 μm.
3 . The instrument of claim 1 , wherein the separation column has a width of less than about 200 μm.
4 . The instrument of claim 1 , wherein the pressure is greater than about 2 kpsi.
5 . The instrument of claim 4 , wherein the pressure is greater than about 5 kpsi.
6 . The instrument of claim 5 , wherein the pressure is greater than about 20 kpsi.
7 . The instrument of claim 1 , further comprising an adhesive that attaches the connector to the processing unit.
8 . The instrument of claim 1 , wherein the connector comprises a housing configured to receive the conduit.
9 . The instrument of claim 8 , further comprising a sealing unit disposed between the housing and the processing unit.
10 . The instrument of claim 9 , wherein the sealing unit comprises a gasket.
11 . The instrument of claim 10 , wherein the gasket comprises an adhesive layer that attaches the gasket to the processing unit.
12 . The instrument of claim 10 , wherein the gasket has an area of less than about 0.05 square inch.
13 . The instrument of claim 10 , wherein the gasket has a gasket factor of at least about 1:1.
14 . The instrument of claim 9 , wherein the sealing unit comprises a material selected from the group consisting of polyimide, polyetheretherketone, tetrafluoroethylene, and polydimethylsiloxane.
15 . The device of claim 8 , wherein the connector further comprises at least one bolt that secures the housing to the processing unit.
16 . The device of claim 1 , wherein the connector comprises a clamp having opened and closed positions for, respectively, exchanging the processing unit and sealing the processing unit.
17 . The device of claim 16 , wherein the connector further comprises a pressure-adjustable component to select a pressure applied between the connector and the processing unit.
18 . The device of claim 17 , wherein the pressure-adjustable component comprises a piezoelectric material.
19 . The device of claim 1 , wherein the inlet port has a greater width than a width of a conduit defined by the processing unit that provides fluidic communication between the inlet port and the separation column.
20 . The instrument of claim 1 , wherein the processing unit further defines a trap column in fluidic communication with the inlet port and an inlet of the separation column.
21 . The instrument of claim 20 , further comprising a trap valve configured to permit a fluid passing through the trap column to exit the processing unit prior to entering the inlet of the separation column.
22 . The instrument of claim 1 , wherein the inorganic particles comprise a material selected from the group of materials consisting of a glass, a glass-crystalline ceramic, a crystalline ceramic, and a metal.
23 . The instrument of claim 22 , wherein the inorganic particles comprise a ceramic oxide selected from the group consisting of aluminum oxide, zirconium oxide, and stabilized zirconia.
24 . The instrument of claim 1 , wherein the inorganic particles comprise a ceramic oxide, a ceramic non-oxide, or a ceramic oxide and a ceramic non-oxide.
25 . The instrument of claim 1 , wherein the processing unit is mostly crystalline.
26 . The instrument of claim 1 , wherein the processing unit further comprises an interfacial material disposed between the inorganic particles.
27 . The instrument of claim 26 , wherein the interfacial material is substantially glassy.
28 . The instrument of claim 1 , wherein the instrument is an ion chromatograph or a liquid chromatograph.
29 . The instrument of claim 29 , wherein the instrument is a HPLC instrument.
30 . The instrument of claim 1 , further comprising a thick-film resistor disposed adjacent to the separation column.
31 . The instrument of claim 1 , wherein the separation column is distributed within at least two layers of the processing unit.
32 . The instrument of claim 1 , wherein the processing unit defines at least two separation columns in a parallel relationship.
33 . A method for separating a chemical sample, comprising;
providing a processing unit comprising sintered inorganic particles that surround a cavity defining a separation column in fluidic communication with an inlet port of the processing unit, wherein the cavity contains a stationary medium; and
pumping a fluid comprising a sample into the separation column at a pressure sufficient for high-performance liquid chromatography.
34 . The instrument of claim 1 , wherein the pressure is greater than about 2 kpsi.
35 . The instrument of claim 34 , wherein the pressure is greater than about 5 kpsi.
36 . The instrument of claim 35 , wherein the pressure is greater than about 10 kpsi.
37 - 192 . (canceled)