Aqueous binders for coatings with improved gloss
A water-reducible mixture of (meth)acrylic copolymers having a hydroxyl number of from 40 mg/g to 250 mg/g, an acid number of from 15 mg/g to 80 mg/g, a weight average molar mass M w from 9 kg/mol to 40 kg/mol and a glass transition temperature T g from −40° C. to 80° C., based on polymerised monomers comprising at least one alkyl ester A of an olefinically un-saturated carboxylic acid having from 1 to 8 carbon atoms in the alkyl group, at least one hydroxy functional alkyl ester B of an olefinically unsaturated carboxylic acid, at least one aliphatic compound C that has both hydroxy and carboxyl functionalities, or which is a lactone or a cyclic lactone, at least one vinyl monomer D which does not comprise a moiety derived from an olefinically unsaturated carboxylic acid, at least one olefinically unsaturated carboxylic acid E, a process for its preparation, and a method of use thereof in the preparation of paints.
1. A high-gloss coating composition comprising a crosslinker selected from the group consisting of aminoplast compounds and isocyanates, and a water-reducible mixture of (meth)acrylic copolymers having a hydroxyl number of from 40 mg/g to 250 mg/g, an acid number of from 15 mg/g to 80 mg/g, a weight average molar mass M w from 9 kg/mol to 40 kg/mol and a glass transition temperature T g from −40° C. to 80° C., wherein polymerized monomers of the mixture comprising at least one alkyl ester A of an olefinically unsaturated carboxylic acid having from 1 to 8 carbon atoms in the alkyl group, at least one hydroxy functional alkyl ester B of an olefinically unsaturated carboxylic acid, at least one aliphatic compound C that has both hydroxy and carboxyl functionalities, or which is a lactone or a cyclic lactone, at least one vinyl monomer D which does not comprise a moiety derived from an olefinically unsaturated carboxylic acid, and at least one olefinically unsaturated carboxylic acid E selected from the group consisting of acrylic acid and methacrylic acid, wherein the mixture comprises a hydroxy-functional copolymer 1 which has a mass fraction of moieties derived from monomers A, B, C, and D as follows: from 5% to 35% for A, from 15% to 40% for B, from 2% to 20% for C, and from 25% to 55% for D, a carboxyl-functional copolymer 2 which has a mass fraction of moieties derived from monomers A, D, and E as follows: from 25% to 80% for A, from 10% to 40% for D, and from 10% to 50% for E, and a copolymer 12 which is the product of esterification of copolymer 1 with copolymer 2, under consumption of from 0.5% to 20% of the carboxyl groups of copolymer 2.
2. The coating composition of claim 1 , wherein the mixture also comprises polymerized monomers selected from epoxy functional alkyl esters F of an olefinically unsaturated carboxylic acid, and wherein the mixtures comprise moieties derived from the said monomers in mass fractions of from 10% to 50% of monomers A, from 5% to 35% of monomers B, from 1% to 25% of monomers C, from 20% to 50% of monomers D, from 2% to 20% of monomers E, and from 0.1% to 3.0% of monomers F, where the sum of all mass fractions equals 100%.
3. The coating composition of claim 1 , wherein the mixture also comprises polymerized monomers selected from alkyl esters G of an olefinically unsaturated carboxylic acid having from 9 to 40 carbon atoms in the alkyl group, and wherein the mixtures comprise moieties derived from the said monomers in mass fractions of from 10% to 50% of monomers A, from 5% to 35% of monomers B, from 1% to 25% of monomers C, from 20% to 50% of monomers D, from 2% to 20% of monomers E, and from 0.2% to 15% of monomers G, where the sum of all mass fractions equals 100%.
4. The coating composition of claim 1 , wherein the mixture comprises moieties derived from the said monomers in mass fractions of from 15% to 40% of monomers A, from 10% to 30% of monomers B, from 2% to 20% of monomers C, from 25% to 45% of monomers D, and from 3% to 15% of monomers E, where the sum of all mass fractions equals 100%.
5. The coating composition of claim 2 , wherein the mixture comprises moieties derived from the said monomers in mass fractions of from 15% to 40% of monomers A, from 10% to 30% of monomers B, from 2% to 20% of monomers C, from 25% to 45% of monomers D, from 3% to 15% of monomers E, and from 0.2% to 2.0% of monomers F where the sum of all mass fractions equals 100%.
6. The coating composition of claim 3 , wherein the mixture comprises moieties derived from the said monomers in mass fractions of from 15% to 40% of monomers A, from 10% to 30% of monomers B, from 2% to 20% of monomers C, from 25% to 45% of monomers D, from 3% to 15% of monomers E, from 0.2% to 2.0% of monomers F, and from 2% to 12% of monomers G where the sum of all mass fractions equals 100%.
7. A process of making a mixture of copolymers, wherein polymerized monomers of the mixture comprising at least one alkyl ester A of an olefinically unsaturated carboxylic acid having from 1 to 8 carbon atoms in the alkyl group, at least one hydroxy functional alkyl ester B of an olefinically unsaturated carboxylic acid, at least one aliphatic compound C that has both hydroxy and carboxyl functionalities, or which is a lactone or a cyclic lactone, at least one vinyl monomer D which does not comprise a moiety derived from an olefinically unsaturated carboxylic acid, and at least one olefinically unsaturated carboxylic acid E selected from the group consisting of acrylic acid and methacrylic acid, wherein the mixture comprises a hydroxy-functional copolymer 1 which has a mass fraction of moieties derived from monomers A, B, C, and D as follows: from 5% to 35% for A, from 15% to 40% for B, from 2% to 20% for C, and from 25% to 55% for D, a carboxyl-functional copolymer 2 which has a mass fraction of moieties derived from monomers A, D, and E as follows: from 25% to 80% for A, from 10% to 40% for D, and from 10% to 50% for E, and a copolymer 12 which is the product of esterification of copolymer 1 with copolymer 2, under consumption of from 0.5% to 20% of the carboxyl groups of copolymer 2; comprises preparing in the first step, a hydroxy functional acrylate copolymer 1 by polymerizing a mixture of monomers containing at least one monomer each of the groups of A, B, C, and D to obtain a hydroxy functional copolymer 1, preparing in a separate second step, a carboxyl functional copolymer 2 by polymerizing a mixture of monomers containing at least one monomer each of the groups of A, D, and E, and in a third consecutive step, performing a condensation reaction between copolymers 1 and 2 under esterification conditions to obtain, under consumption of from 0.5% to 20% of the carboxyl groups of copolymer 2 which carboxyl groups are consumed by esterification with hydroxy groups of copolymer 1, a polymer 12, in a mixture with unreacted copolymers 1 and 2.
8. The process of claim 7 wherein in the preparation of the hydroxy functional copolymer 1, at least one of the monomers of groups of F and G are also present in the said mixture of monomers, wherein the monomers of group F are epoxy functional alkyl esters of an olefinically unsaturated carboxylic acid, and the monomers G are alkyl esters of an olefinically unsaturated carboxylic acid having from 9 to 40 carbon atoms in the alkyl group.
9. The process of claim 7 or of claim 8 wherein the mixture of copolymers is neutralised by adding a neutralisation agent selected from the group consisting of aqueous alkali, ammonia, and organic amines.
10. A method of use of the mixture of copolymers of claim 1 as a binder in the preparation of paints comprising neutralising the mixture of copolymers of claim 1 by adding a neutralisation agent selected from the group consisting of aqueous alkali, ammonia, and organic amines, diluting with water, adding thereto at least one additive selected from the group consisting of crosslinkers, defoamers, wetting agents, levelling agents, coalescing agents, dispersing agents, and antisettling agents, pigments and fillers, and homogenising this mixture.