Polyisocyanate coating compositions cross-linkable into enhanced anti-shock coatings

1. A coating composition cross-linkable into a hard/resilient and shock-resistant coating, comprising:

a) at least one polyisocyanate which comprises at least one dimer structural unit (pattern) and at least one other polyisocyanate which is the same as or different from the above at least one polyisocyanate and which comprises at least one iminotriazinedione (imino-trimer) structural unit (pattern) of formula

b) at least one compound having at least one mobile hydrogen function selected from the group consisting of primary or secondary hydroxyl functions, phenol functions, primary and/or secondary amine functions, carboxylic functions and an SH function, and

c) at least one aminoplastic resin which comprises at least one melamine-aldehyde resin and/or urea-aldehyde resin and/or benzoguanamine resin and/or alkoxyalkyl derivative thereof,

wherein one and/or the other of said polyisocyanates have at least one of the following two characteristics:

the molar ratio (isocyanate functions/imino-trimer patterns) is less than 100, prior to masking thereof, and/or

the molar ratio (imino-trimer patterns/trimer patterns) is greater than 3.

2. The coating composition as defined by claim 1 , further comprising:

d) at least one catalyst for reacting compound a) with compound c), and/or at least one strong acid compound or latent form thereof, as a catalyst for reacting the melamine and/or urea compounds or derivatives thereof with urethane or true carbamate functions.

3. The coating composition as defined by claim 1 , comprising:

at least one polyisocyanate containing from 0.25% to 25% by weight of dimer patterns relative to the total weight of the polyisocyanate(s), said dimer patterns being bonded to one or more isocyanurates by hydrocarbon chains;

at least one polyisocyanate which is the same as or different from the above polyisocyanate and which contains at least one imino-trimer pattern;

optionally, at least one polyisocyanate which is the same as or different from the above polyisocyanate and which contains a true dimer;

at least one compound having at least one mobile hydrogen function, and/or primary and/or secondary amine functions, and/or SH functions;

at least one organic solvent;

at least one aminoplastic resin which comprises at least one melamine/formaldehyde resin and/or urea/formaldehyde resin or benzoguanamine resin and/or alkoxyalkyl derivative thereof; and

optionally, at least one catalyst for the polyurethane reaction and/or at least one strong acid catalyst for the reaction between the melamine and/or urea compounds or the derivatives thereof and the urethane functions or true carbamate functions.

4. The coating composition as defined by claim 1 , wherein the dimer patterns are bonded to one or more isocyanurate patterns in the form of links represented by the following formulae (I) to (V) and mixtures thereof:

in which A and A′ are the same or different and are each a linear, branched or cyclic divalent radical containing from 1 to 20 carbon atoms.

5. The coating composition as defined by claim 1 , comprising:

from 5% to 20% by weight of at least one polyisocyanate relative to the total weight of the composition without solvent (% of dry weight);

from 15% to 25% by weight of at least one aminoplastic resin relative to the total weight of the composition without solvent (% of dry weight);

from 55% to 80% by weight of at least one compound having at least one mobile hydrogen function selected from the group consisting of primary or secondary hydroxyl functions, phenol functions, primary and/or secondary amine functions, carboxylic functions and an SH function, relative to the total weight of the composition without solvent (% of dry weight); and

from 35% to 55%, of at least one organic solvent relative to the total weight of the composition.

6. The coating composition as defined by claim 1 , wherein the polyisocyanate(s) is (are) selected from the group consisting of the homocondensation or heterocondensation products of alkylene diisocyanate.

7. The coating composition as defined by claim 1 , wherein the polyisocyanate(s) is (are) masked temporarily and/or permanently.

8. The coating composition as defined by claim 7 , wherein the masking agent or mixture of masking agents is selected from the group consisting of hydroxylamine derivatives, oximes, hydrazine derivatives, triazole derivatives, imidazole derivatives, phenol derivatives, amide, imide and lactam derivatives, hindered amines, malonates or ketoesters and hydroxamates and mixtures thereof as the temporary masking agents and from the hydroxyl or sulphhydryl function compounds, cyclohexanol and carboxylic acid function compounds and mixtures thereof as permanent masking agents.

9. The coating composition as defined by claim 1 , wherein the reactive (or mobile) hydrogen compound which reacts with the polyisocyanate(s) during thermal treatment comprises a polymer containing two or more hydroxyl (alcohol or phenol) functions and/or thiol functions and/or primary or secondary amine functions and/or containing precursor epoxy or carbonate functions which release the hydroxyl functions by reaction with a nucleophile.

10. The coating composition as defined by claim 9 , wherein the reactive (or mobile) hydrogen compound comprises a polyol selected from the group consisting of acrylic, polyester or polyurethane polymers.

11. The coating composition as defined by claim 1 , wherein the aminoplastic resin comprises a melamine formaldehyde and/or urea formaldehyde and/or benzoguanamine formaldehyde resin.

12. The coating composition as defined by claim 7 , satisfying any one of the following conditions:

a weight ratio of the temporarily and/or permanently masked polyisocyanate(s) relative to the total weight of the resins [mobile hydrogen compound(s), aminoplastic resin(s) and masked polyisocyanate(s)] ranges from 5 to 80% by weight;

an amount by weight of dimer patterns in the precursor polyisocyanate(s) ranges from 0.25 to 25%;

a molar ratio [(masked and free isocyanate functions)/imino-trimer patterns] of less than 100; and/or a molar ratio (imino-trimer patterns/trimer patterns) of greater than 3; and

the average functionality of the isocyanate functions of the precursor polyisocyanate(s) (before the isocyanate functions are masked) ranges from at least 2 to at most 10.

13. The coating composition as defined by claim 4 , wherein A and A′ are each a linear, branched or cyclic divalent radical containing from 2 to 12 carbon atoms.

14. A paint or varnish comprising the coating composition as defined by claim 1 .