NANOCOMPOSITES COMPLIANT WITH REGULATORY REQUIREMENTS
A nanocomposite is made from melt-mixing of polyethylene with organoclay in the presence of a maleated polypropylene. Unexpectedly, the maleated polypropylene and polyethylene are sufficiently compatible to permit excellent dispersion of the organoclay in the nanocomposite. Because maleated polypropylene is compliant with U.S. Food and Drug Administration regulations, though maleated polyethylene is not, one can use nanocomposites of the present invention for articles to be in contact with human food.
1 . A composite comprising:
(a) organoclay;
(b) polyethylene matrix; and
(c) maleated polypropylene to assist dispersion of the organoclay in the polyethylene matrix.
2 . A concentrate of the composite of claim 1 , wherein the organoclay comprises at least about 10 weight percent of the total composition.
3 . A compound of the composite of claim 1 , wherein the organoclay comprises at least about 0.1 weight percent of the total composition.
4 . The composite of any of claim 1 , wherein polyethylene comprises any of homopolymers, copolymers, blends of polymers, mixtures of polymers, alloys of polymers, and combinations thereof, where at least one of the polymers is polymerized from an olefin monomer having 2 carbon atoms.
5 . The composite of claim 4 , wherein the polyethylene comprises low-density polyethylene, high-density, high molecular weight polyethylene, ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene, linear-low-density polyethylene, very low density polyethylene, and mixtures, blends or alloys thereof and wherein the polyethylene has a melt flow index of from about 0.1 to about 100.
6 . The composite of claim 1 , wherein the organoclay is montmorillonite clay intercalated with an organic or semi-organic chemical.
7 . The composite of claim 1 , wherein the compatibilizer is maleic anhydride grafted polypropylene having a maleic anhydride content of less than 0.8 percent.
8 . The composite of claim 1 , wherein the composite further includes optional additives.
9 . The composite of claim 1 , wherein the composite further includes optional polymers.
10 . The composite of claim 1 , wherein the organoclay comprises from about 0.1 to about 70 weight percent of the composite.
11 . The composite of claim 1 , wherein the compatibilizer comprises from about 0.1 to about 79 weight percent of the composite.
12 . The composite of claim 10 , wherein the organoclay comprises from about 1 to about 10 weight percent of the compound and wherein the compatibilizer comprises from about 1 to about 10 weight percent of the compound.
13 . A film made from the compound of claim 3 , wherein the film is made from ingredients that are listed in Title 21 of United States Code of Federal Regulations as generally regarded as safe (“GRAS”) for food contact applications.
14 . An article made from the composite of claim 1 , wherein the article is a simple curved extruded article or a complex curved molded article.
15 . The compound of claim 3 , wherein polyethylene comprises any of homopolymers, copolymers, blends of polymers, mixtures of polymers, alloys of polymers, and combinations thereof, where at least one of the polymers is polymerized from an olefin monomer having 2 carbon atoms.
16 . The compound of claim 3 , wherein the organoclay is montnorilonite clay intercalated with an organic or semi-organic chemical.
17 . The compound of claim 3 , wherein the compatibilizer is maleic anhydride grafted polypropylene having a maleic anhydride content of less than 0.8 percent.
18 . The compound of claim 3 , wherein the organoclay comprises from about 1 to about 10 weight percent of the compound and wherein the compatibilizer comprises from about 1 to about 10 weight percent of the compound.
19 . The concentrate of claim 2 , wherein polyethylene comprises any of homopolymers, copolymers, blends of polymers, mixtures of polymers, alloys of polymers, and combinations thereof where at least one of the polymers is polymerized from an olefin monomer having 2 carbon atoms.
20 . The concentrate of claim 2 , wherein the organoclay is montmorillonite clay intercalated with an organic or semi-organic chemical and wherein the compatibilizer is maleic anhydride grafted polypropylene having a maleic anhydride content of less than 0.8 percent.