Seamless precision steel tubes with improved isotropic toughness at low temperature for hydraulic cylinders and process for obtaining the same
Process for manufacturing seamless precision steel tubes with improved isotropic toughness at low temperature for hydraulic cylinders comprising the following steps; —(i) providing a steel having a composition comprising 0.06-0.15% by weight of carbon, 0.30-2.5% by weight of Mn, and 0.10-0.60% by weight of Si, —(ii) hot-rolling the said steel at a temperature higher than Ac3 such as to obtain a seamless steel tube, —(iii) heating the said seamless steel tube at a temperature in the range between Ac1 and Ac3, —(iv) quenching the said heated seamless steel tube, such as to establish a dual (or multi-) phase microstructure in the steel employed, composed of ferrite and martensite and optionally bainite and/or retained austenite, —(v) cold drawing the quenched seamless steel tube such as to provide a seamless precision steel tube of the desired dimensions, —(vi) subjecting the so-obtained seamless precision steel tube to stress relieving treatment to improve its isotropic toughness, and optionally —(vii) straightening the so-obtained seamless precision steel tube with improved toughness.
1. A method for manufacturing seamless precision steel tubes with improved isotropic toughness at low temperature for hydraulic cylinders comprising the following steps:
(i) providing a steel having a composition comprising 0.06-0.15% by weight of carbon, 0.30-2.5% by weight of Mn, and 0.10-0.60% by weight of Si,
(ii) hot-rolling the steel at a temperature higher than Ac3 to obtain a seamless steel tube,
(iii) holding the seamless steel tube at a temperature in the range between Ac1 and Ac3,
(iv) quenching the heated seamless steel tube to establish a multi-phase microstructure in the steel comprising ferrite and non-tempered martensite,
(v) cold drawing the quenched seamless steel tube comprising ferrite and non-tempered martensite to provide a seamless precision steel tube of desired dimensions, and
(vi) subjecting the seamless precision steel tube to stress relieving treatment to improve isotropic toughness.
2. The method according to claim 1 in which the composition further comprises 0.40-2.10% by weight Mn.
3. The method according to claim 2 in which the composition further comprises 0.60-1.80% by weight of Mn.
4. The method according to claim 1 in which the composition comprises one or more of the following elements: Cr, Ni, Mo, V, Nb, N, and Al.
5. The method according to claim 4 in which the composition of the steel, by weight percent, comprises the following elements: 0-0.60% Cr, 0-0.60% Ni, 0-0.50% Mo, 0-0.12% V, 0-0.040% Nb, 0.0040-0.02% N, 0.0-0.040% Al, and the remainder being iron and inevitable impurities.
6. The method according to claim 4 in which the composition of the steel, by weight, further comprises the following elements: less than 0.025% of P, less than 0.010% of S, and less than 0.003% of Ca.
7. The method according to claim 6 in which the composition of the steel, by weight percent, further comprises less than 0.005% of S.
8. The method according to claim 1 in which process step (ii) is followed by a normalizing step (iia) after hot rolling in order to intermediately refine grain and homogenize the structure prior to the subsequent step (iii).
9. The method according to claim 8 wherein the normalizing step (iia) is designed as a normalizing rolling.
10. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the steel is air cooled between steps (ii) and (iii) from a temperature higher than Ac3 to a temperature in the range between Ac1 and Ac3.
11. The method according to claim 10 in which the quenching is carried out in water.
12. The method according to claim 10 wherein the multi-phase microstructure further comprising bainite and/or retained austenite.
13. The method according to claim 1 , in which steps (iii)-(iv) are carried out by annealing the steel at a temperature in the range between Ac1 and Ac3 and then quenching the same, such as to establish a multi-phase microstructure comprising ferrite and non-tempered martensite.
14. The method according to claim 13 wherein the multi-phase microstructure further comprising bainite and/or retained austenite.
15. The method according to claim 13 in which the quenching is carried out in water.
16. The method according to claim 1 in which the cold-drawing of step (v) is carried out such as to perform a reduction in area between 8 and 30%.
17. The method according to claim 16 in which the cold-drawing of step (v) is carried out such as to perform a reduction in area between 10% and 25%.
18. The method according to claim 1 in which the stress-relieving treatment according to step (vi) is carried out at a temperature between 0.72Ac 1 and 0.95Ac 1 , wherein Ac 1 is in ° C.
19. The method according to claim 18 in which the stress-relieving treatment according to step (vi) is carried out in a controlled atmosphere furnace.
20. The method according to claim 18 , in which step (vi) is carried out at a temperature between 0.85Ac1 and 0.92Ac1, wherein Ac1 is in ° C.
21. The method according to claim 20 , in which step (vi) is carried out at a temperature between 0.87Ac 1 -0.91Ac 1 , wherein Ac 1 is in ° C.
22. The method according to claim 1 wherein the multi-phase microstructure further comprises bainite and/or retained austenite.
23. The method according to claim 1 further comprising straightening the so-obtained seamless precision steel tube with improved toughness.