Biodegradable aliphatic-aromatic copolyester for use in nonwoven webs
View Patent ↗A method for forming a biodegradable aliphatic-aromatic copolyester suitable for use in fibers is provided. In one embodiment, for example, an aliphatic-aromatic copolyester is melt blended with an alcohol to initiate an alcoholysis reaction that results in a copolyester having one or more hydroxyalkyl or alkyl terminal groups. By selectively controlling the alcoholysis conditions (e.g., alcohol and copolymer concentrations, catalysts, temperature, etc.), a modified aliphatic-aromatic copolyester may be achieved that has a molecular weight lower than the starting aliphatic-aromatic polymer. Such lower molecular weight polymers also have the combination of a higher melt flow index and lower apparent viscosity, which is useful in a wide variety of fiber forming applications, such as in the meltblowing of nonwoven webs.
1. A method for forming a biodegradable polymer for use in fiber formation, the method comprising melt blending a first aliphatic-aromatic copolyester with at least one alcohol so that the copolyester undergoes an alcoholysis reaction, wherein a catalyst is employed to facilitate the alcoholysis reaction, the alcoholysis reaction resulting in a modified, second aliphatic-aromatic copolyester having a melt flow index that is greater than the melt flow index of the first aliphatic-aromatic copolyester, determined at a load of 2160 grams and temperature of 190° C. in accordance with ASTM Test Method D1238-E.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein a ratio of the melt flow index of the second aliphatic-aromatic copolyester to the melt flow index of the first aliphatic-aromatic copolyester is at least about 1.5.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein a ratio of the melt flow index of the second aliphatic-aromatic copolyester to the melt flow index of the first aliphatic-aromatic copolyester is at least about 50.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein a ratio of an apparent viscosity of the first aliphatic-aromatic copolyester to an apparent viscosity of the second aliphatic-aromatic copolyester is at least about 1.1, determined at a temperature of 170° C. and a shear rate of 1000 sec −1 .
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein a ratio of an apparent viscosity of the first aliphatic-aromatic copolyester to an apparent viscosity of the second aliphatic-aromatic copolyester is at least about 2, determined at a temperature of 170° C. and a shear rate of 1000 sec −1 .
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the second aliphatic-aromatic copolyester has a number average molecular weight of from about 10,000 to about 70,000 grams per mole and a weight average molecular weight of from about 20,000 to about 125,000 grams per mole.
7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the second aliphatic-aromatic copolyester has a number average molecular weight of from about 20,000 to about 60,000 grams per mole and a weight average molecular weight of from about 30,000 to about 110,000 grams per mole.
8. The method of claim 1 , wherein a polydispersity index of the first aliphatic-aromatic copolyester and the second aliphatic-aromatic copolyester is from about 1.2 to about 2.0.
9. The method of claim 1 , wherein the first aliphatic-aromatic copolyester and second aliphatic-aromatic copolyester both have a melting point of from about 80° C. to about 160° C.
10. The method of claim 1 , wherein the first aliphatic-aromatic copolyester and second aliphatic-aromatic copolyester both have a glass transition temperature of about 0° C. or less.
11. The method of claim 1 , wherein the melt flow index of the second aliphatic-aromatic copolyester is from about 5 to about 500 grams per 10 minutes.
12. The method of claim 1 , wherein the melt flow index of the second aliphatic-aromatic copolyester is from about 20 to about 250 grams per 10 minutes.
13. The method of claim 1 , wherein the second aliphatic-aromatic copolyester has an apparent viscosity of from about 10 to about 500 Pascal-seconds, determined at a temperature of 170° C. and a shear rate of 1000 sec −1 .
14. The method of claim 1 , wherein the second aliphatic-aromatic copolyester has an apparent viscosity of from about 30 to about 250 Pascal-seconds, determined at a temperature of 170° C. and a shear rate of 1000 sec −1 .
15. The method of claim 1 , wherein the second aliphatic-aromatic copolyester is terminated with an alkyl group, hydroxyalkyl group, or a combination thereof.
16. The method of claim 15 , wherein the second aliphatic-aromatic copolyester has the following general structure:
wherein,
m is an integer from 2 to 10,
n is an integer from 0 to 18,
p is an integer from 2 to 10,
x is an integer greater than 1;
y is an integer greater than 1; and
R 1 and R 2 are independently selected from hydrogen; hydroxyl groups; straight chain or branched, substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -C 10 alkyl groups; and straight chain or branched, substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -C 10 hydroxalkyl groups.
17. The method of claim 16 , wherein m and n are each from 2 to 4.
18. The method of claim 1 , wherein the first aliphatic-aromatic copolyester is polybutylene adipate terephthalate.
19. The method of claim 1 , wherein the alcohol is employed in an amount of from about 0.1 wt. % to about 20 wt. %, based on the weight of the first aliphatic-aromatic copolyester.
20. The method of claim 1 , wherein the alcohol is employed in an amount of from about 0.5 wt. % to about 5 wt. %, based on the weight of the first aliphatic-aromatic copolyester.
21. The method of claim 1 , wherein the alcohol is a monohydric alcohol.
22. The method of claim 1 , wherein the alcohol is a polyhydric alcohol.
23. The method of claim 22 , wherein the alcohol is a dihydric alcohol.
24. The method of claim 1 , wherein the catalyst is a transition metal catalyst based on a Group IVA metal, a Group IVB metal, or a combination thereof.
25. The method of claim 1 , wherein the catalyst is employed in an amount of from about 50 to about 2000 parts per million of the first aliphatic-aromatic copolyester.
26. The method of claim 1 , wherein the alcoholysis reaction is conducted in the presence of a solvent.
27. The method of claim 1 , wherein melt blending occurs at a temperature of from about 50° C. to about 300° C. and an apparent shear rate of from about 100 seconds −1 to about 10,000 seconds −1 .
28. The method of claim 1 , wherein melt blending occurs at a temperature of from about 90° C. to about 180° C. and an apparent shear rate of from about 800 seconds −1 to about 1200 seconds −1 .
29. The method of claim 1 , wherein melt blending occurs within an extruder.
30. The method of claim 1 , wherein the second aliphatic-aromatic copolyester is extruded through a meltblowing die.