Growth of monocrystalline GeN on a substrate

1. A method for forming a monocrystalline GeN layer on a substrate, the method comprising:

exposing a substrate, heated to a temperature of from 550° C. to 940° C., to a nitrogen gas flow, wherein the substrate has a Ge surface, whereby a monocrystalline GeN layer is formed on the substrate.

2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the Ge surface has a hexagonal structure.

3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the Ge surface has a (111) orientation with an off-cut of from 0° to 15°.

4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the nitrogen gas comprises a gas selected from the group consisting of N 2 and NH 3 .

5. The method of claim 1 , further comprising applying a plasma while exposing the substrate to the nitrogen gas flow.

6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the Ge surface is reorganized upon heating the substrate.

7. The method of claim 1 , further comprising patterning the GeN layer.

8. The method of claim 1 , further comprising cooling down of the substrate to a temperature below 650° C. after formation of the monocrystalline GeN layer, wherein the nitrogen gas flow is maintained during cooling.

9. The method of claim 1 , further comprising forming metal contacts on the monocrystalline GeN layer.

10. The method of claim 9 , wherein the metal contacts are Ohmic contacts.

11. The method of claim 9 , wherein the metal contacts are Schottky contacts.

12. The method of claim 1 , further comprising forming at least one group III-nitride layer on the GeN layer.

13. The method of claim 12 , wherein forming at least one group III-nitride layer on the GeN layer is performed by depositing at least one group III-nitride layer at a deposition temperature of from 550° C. to 850° C.

14. The method of claim 12 , further comprising patterning at least one of the group III-nitride layers.

15. The method of claim 1 , wherein the method is part of a manufacturing process for making a junction diode.

16. A structure comprising

a substrate having a crystalline Ge surface; and

a monocrystalline GeN layer on top of and in direct contact with the Ge surface of the substrate, wherein the monocrystalline GeN layer is pseudomorphic on the crystalline Ge surface.

17. The structure of claim 16 , wherein the crystalline Ge surface has a hexagonal symmetry.

18. The structure of claim 16 , wherein the crystalline Ge surface has (111) orientation.

19. The structure of claim 16 , wherein the crystalline Ge surface has (111) orientation with an off-cut between 0° and 15°.

20. The structure of claim 16 , wherein the monocrystalline GeN layer has a thickness of from 0.3 nm to 10 nm.

21. The structure of claim 16 , wherein the monocrystalline GeN layer is a patterned monocrystalline GeN layer.

22. The structure of claim 16 , further comprising metal contacts in direct contact with the monocrystalline GeN layer.

23. The structure of claim 22 , comprising at least a part of a junction diode.

24. A junction diode consisting of the structure of claim 16 .

25. The structure of claim 22 , wherein the metal contacts are Ohmic contacts.

26. The structure of claim 22 , wherein the metal contacts are Schottky contacts.

27. The structure of claim 22 , further comprising at least one insulating layer on top of the GeN layer.

28. The structure of claim 27 , wherein the at least one insulating layer comprises a material selected from the group consisting of SiN, SiO, HfO, and organic materials.

29. A structure comprising:

a substrate having a Ge surface;

a monocrystalline GeN layer on top of and in direct contact with the Ge surface of the substrate;

metal contacts in direct contact with the monocrystalline GeN layer; and

at least one group III-nitride layer on the monocrystalline GeN layer.

30. The structure of claim 29 , wherein at least one of the group III-nitride layers is a patterned layer.