All-gaseous deposition of nanocomposite films
The present invention provides a method of producing a nanocomposite film on a substrate. The method involves co-deposition of gaseous lead salt clusters in a conducting polymer film, such as a conductive polythiophene, on the substrate. The polymer film preferably is simultaneously deposited with the lead salt clusters, e.g., by co-depositing organic monomers and/or oligomers onto the substrate in the presence of gaseous lead salt clusters. Preferred lead salts are PbS, PbTe and PbSe. Devices and articles of manufacture including a nanocomposite film of the invention are also disclosed.
1 . The method of claim 3 wherein the conducting polymer film is produced by co-depositing surface polymerizing organic monomers, oligomers or both monomers and oligomers with gaseous lead salt clusters on said substrate to form a conducting polymer matrix embedded with said lead salt clusters.
2 . The method of claim 3 wherein the lead salt clusters and conducting polymer film are simultaneously deposited on the substrate so as to embed the lead salt clusters in the conducting polymer film.
3 . A method of producing a nanocomposite film on a substrate by gaseous deposition comprising co-depositing gaseous lead salt clusters in a conducting polymer film on the substrate.
4 . (canceled)
5 . The method of claim 3 wherein the conducting polymer film is prepared by co-depositing an organic ion and a neutral oligomer on the substrate.
6 . The method of claim 5 wherein the organic ion is selected from the group consisting of H + , H 2 S + , SO 3 + , C 2 H x + , C 4 H 4 S + , C 6 H 6 + , C 6 H 7 N + , C 5 H 5 N + , C 4 H 4 O + , and other small organic ion species as well as derivatives thereof, and mixtures thereof.
7 . The method of claim 5 wherein the neutral oligomer comprises monomer units selected from the group consisting of terthiophene, sexithiophene, ethylenedioxythiophene, terphenyl, quaterphenyl, sexiphenyl, poly(phenylene vinylenes), porphyrins, phthalocyanines, pentacene, diphenyl perylene, derivatives thereof, and mixtures thereof.
8 . The method of claim 5 wherein the organic ion comprises a thiophene ion and the neutral oligomer comprises an oligomer of thiophene.
9 . (canceled)
10 . (canceled)
11 . An optical device comprising a lens or a coating on a lens formed of a nanocomposite material, said nanocomposite material comprising a conducting polymer film and a plurality of lead salt clusters dispersed in the conducting polymer film.
12 . The optical device of claim 11 wherein the lead salt clusters are arranged in a three-dimensional matrix.
13 . (canceled)
14 . A photovoltaic cell including a nanocomposite film prepared by the method of claim 3 .
15 . A method of producing a nanocomposite film by trapping gaseously deposited lead salt clusters in a gaseously deposited conducting polymer.
16 . The method of claim 15 wherein the lead salt clusters are trapped in the conducting polymer by simultaneously gaseously depositing the lead salt clusters and the conducting polymer.
17 . The method of claim 3 wherein the lead salt clusters are formed in a vacuum environment.
18 . The method of any claim 3 wherein the lead salt clusters are selected from the group consisting of lead sulfides, lead selenide, lead telluride and mixtures thereof.
19 . (canceled)
20 . An article of manufacture including a nanocomposite film prepared by the method claim 3 .
21 . The optical device of claim 11 wherein the optical device attenuates pulsed laser radiation of wavelengths ranging from about 400 to about 900 nm incident on the device surface such that the radiation transmitted by the device does not exceed a laser power density of about 15 microJoules/cm2 per pulse.
22 . A photovoltaic cell including a nanocomposite film prepared by the method of claim 3 , deposited onto a transparent conductive electrode.
23 . The photovoltaic cell according to claim 22 wherein the transparent conductive electrode comprises indium tin oxide coated glass.
24 . The photovoltaic cell according to claim 23 wherein the transparent conductive electrode is coated with an aluminum overlayer.
25 . The photovoltaic cell according to claim 24 wherein the aluminum overlayer has a thickness of approximately 10 nm.