Drilling fluids containing microbubbles
A drilling fluid comprises water and microbubbles in an amount to achieve a density of the fluid in the range of 4-6 pounds per gallon; the desired density is achieved, and the novel drilling fluid exists, at pressures in the range of 350-5000 pounds per square inch.
1 . A drilling fluid for use in drilling wells comprising water and non-contiguous microbubbles in an amount sufficient to reduce the weight of said liquid by at least 10%.
2 . Drilling fluid of claim 1 wherein said microbubbles are air bubbles.
3 . Drilling fluid of claim 1 wherein said microbubbles comprise natural gas.
4 . Drilling fluid of claim 1 wherein said microbubbles comprise at least 90% nitrogen.
5 . Drilling fluid of claim 1 including at least one of (a) an amount of low HLB surfactant effective to reduce interfacial tension between gas and liquid, (b) an amount of natural polymer or derivative thereof effective to enhance the viscosity of said fluid thereby enhancing the stability of said microbubbles, and (c) an amount of polymer containing an ionic charge effective to impart mutual repellance among said bubbles, said fluid being under a pressure in the range of 350 to 5000 pounds per square inch.
6 . Drilling fluid of claim 1 wherein said microbubbles are of substantially uniform size and are substantially evenly dispersed in said water.
7 . A drilling fluid of claim 1 wherein said microbubbles are non-foamed microbubbles having diameters of from 100 nanometers to 100 microns.
8 . Drilling fluid of claim 7 wherein said liquid comprises water.
9 . Drilling fluid of claim 7 wherein said microbubbles are air and are present in an amount sufficient to render the drilling fluid weight within the range 4-6 pounds per gallon.
10 . Drilling fluid of claim 1 under a pressure of at least 350 pounds per square inch.
11 . An aqueous drilling fluid under a pressure of at least 1000 pounds per square inch consisting essentially of (a) water in liquid form which may contain optional drilling fluid additives and ineluctable dissolved gas, and (b) by volume, from 20% to 73% gas in the form of substantially uniformly sized, substantially evenly dispersed non-foam microbubbles.
12 . Aqueous drilling fluid of claim 11 including, as an optional drilling fluid additive to said water, a viscosity-enhancing polymer in an amount effective to inhibit coalescence among said microbubbles.
13 . Aqueous drilling fluid of claim 11 including, as an optional drilling fluid additive to said water, a polymer containing quaternary ammonium groups in an amount effective to impart mutual repellance by said microbubbles.
14 . Aqueous drilling fluid of claim 11 wherein said gas is air.
15 . Aqueous drilling fluid of claim 11 wherein said gas is at least 90% by weight nitrogen.
16 . Aqueous drilling fluid of claim 11 having a density in the range of 4-6 pounds per gallon.
17 . A syntactic microbubble drilling fluid having a density of 4-6 pounds per gallon, said drilling fluid comprising a base drilling fluid and substantially evenly dispersed microbubbles having substantially uniform diameters in the range of 100 nanometers to 100 microns.
18 . Syntactic microbubble drilling fluid of claim 17 wherein said base drilling fluid comprises water.
19 . Syntactic microbubble drilling fluid of claim 17 wherein said base drilling fluid comprises oil.
20 . Syntactic microbubble drilling fluid of claim 17 wherein said microbubbles have substantially uniform diameters in the range of 20-40 microns.