Method of making drilling fluids containing microbubbles
Light weight drilling fluids are prepared by passing a gas and the drilling fluid through a cavitation device. Bubbles are finely divided into microbubbles, thereby reducing the density of the fluid. Low HLB surfactants, natural polymers, and ionic-charged polymers may be added to enhance the stability of the microbubble suspension.
1 . Method of injecting a drilling fluid having a reduced weight into a wellbore comprising simultaneously feeding a drilling fluid base liquid and a gas to a cavitation device, operating said cavitation device to create bubbles of said gas in said base liquid within said cavitation device, feeding said base liquid containing said bubbles to a pump, and injecting said liquid containing said bubbles into said wellbore from said pump.
2 . Method of claim 1 wherein said base liquid is an aqueous liquid.
3 . Method of claim 1 wherein the bubbles created in said cavitation device are substantially uniformly dispersed, and have diameters from 100 nanometers to 100 micrometers when fed to said pump.
4 . Method of claim 1 wherein said pump is a triplex pump.
5 . Method of claim 1 including adding to said liquid a viscosifying agent.
6 . Method of claim 1 including adding to said liquid a low HLB value surfactant.
7 . Method of claim 1 wherein said gas is air.
8 . Method of claim 1 wherein said gas is at least 90% nitrogen.
9 . Method of claim 1 wherein said bubbles occupy at least 28% of the volume of said base liquid fed to said pump.
10 . Method of claim 9 wherein said bubbles occupy about 30% to about 70% of the volume of said base liquid fed to said pump
11 . Method of claim 1 wherein said bubbles are substantially non-contiguous.
12 . Method of claim 1 including adding to said liquid an ionic charge imparting polymer.
13 . Method of drilling a well comprising creating microbubbles of gas in a drilling fluid by passing said gas and said fluid through a cavitation device, passing said fluid containing said microbubbles to a pump, circulating said fluid containing said gas from said pump to said well to remove drill cuttings therefrom, and recycling at least a portion of said fluid containing said gas through said cavitation device with additional gas as needed to maintain a desired gas quantity in said fluid
14 . Method of claim 13 wherein said desired gas quantity maintained in said recycled fluid is determined by maintaining said fluid at a weight between about 4 and about 6 pounds per gallon of fluid.
15 . Method of claim 13 including maintaining in said fluid an amount of a natural polymer or a derivative thereof effective to impart a low shear viscosity to said fluid.
16 . Method of claim 13 including maintaining is said fluid an amount of a low HLB value surfactant effective to disperse said microbubbles.
17 . Method of claim 13 including maintaining in said fluid an amount of an ionic charge imparting polymer in said fluid effective to impart mutual repellance to said microbubbles.
18 . Method of making an aqueous drilling fluid having a density less than that of water comprising (a) adding microbubbles to said aqueous drilling fluid by passing said aqueous drilling fluid through a cavitation device while also adding air to said drilling fluid, thereby creating a suspension of microbubbles in said drilling fluid, and (b) including in said aqueous drilling fluid a low HLB value surfactant.
19 . Method of claim 18 including adding to said aqueous drilling fluid a natural polymer low shear viscosity enhancing agent in an amount effective to stabilize said suspension of microbubbles.
20 . Method of claim 18 including adding so said aqueous drilling fluid an ionic charge imparting polymer effective to induce mutual repellance to said microbubbles.