Current-limiting circuit with additional current path
A current-limiting circuit ( 100 ), which limits an electrical current from a voltage source to a consumer to a predetermined maximum current. A measuring resistor ( 110 ) is coupled into a current lead ( 103 ) between a circuit input ( 102 ) and a circuit output ( 104 ). A transistor ( 106 ) of the circuit is coupled into the current lead ( 103 ) with its collector-emitter path in series with the measuring resistor ( 110 ), and its base is connected to the current lead ( 103 ) through a series resistor ( 108 ). A shunt regulator ( 116 ) of the circuit has an anode, a reference input and a cathode, wherein the cathode is connected to the base of the transistor ( 106 ), and the anode and the reference input form a voltage tap across the measuring resistor ( 110 ). An additional, high-ohmic current path extends in parallel to the transistor ( 106 ) and includes a component connected reverse-biased having a diode characteristic and an auxiliary measuring resistor ( 120 b ), wherein the auxiliary measuring resistor ( 120 b ) is integrated in the voltage tap.
1. A current-limiting circuit, which limits an electrical current from a voltage source to a consumer to a predetermined maximum current, comprising
a measuring resistor coupled into a current lead between a circuit input and a circuit output,
a transistor, which is coupled into the current lead with a collector-emitter path in series with the measuring resistor and a base connected to the current lead through a series resistor,
a shunt regulator with an anode, a reference input and a cathode, wherein the cathode is connected to the base of the transistor, and the anode and the reference input form a voltage tap across the measuring resistor, and
an additional, high-ohmic current path that is in parallel to the transistor and comprises:
a component connected reverse-biased and having a diode characteristic and
an auxiliary measuring resistor,
wherein the auxiliary measuring resistor is integrated in the voltage tap.
2. The circuit according to claim 1 , further comprising an auxiliary series resistor connected upstream to the component having the diode characteristic.
3. The circuit according to claim 1 , wherein the component having the diode characteristic is a Z diode.
4. The circuit according to claim 1 , wherein the component having the diode characteristic is a further shunt regulator.
5. The circuit according to claim 4 , wherein:
the further shunt regulator comprises a cathode and a reference input, and
the reference input of the further shunt regulator is back-coupled to the cathode.
6. The circuit according to claim 1 , wherein the measuring resistor comprises at least one of a wire-wound resistor and a metal-film resistor.
7. A circuit system comprising:
a measuring resistor coupled into a current lead between a circuit input and a circuit output;
a first current-limiting circuit comprising:
a transistor, which is coupled into the current lead with a collector-emitter path in series with the measuring resistor and a base connected to the current lead through a series resistor,
a shunt regulator with an anode, a reference input and a cathode, wherein the cathode is connected to the base of the transistor, and the anode and the reference input form a voltage tap across the measuring resistor, and
an additional, high-ohmic current path that is in parallel to the transistor and comprises a component connected reverse-biased and having a diode characteristic and an auxiliary measuring resistor, wherein the auxiliary measuring resistor is integrated in the voltage tap; and
a second current-limiting circuit comprising:
a transistor, which is coupled into the current lead with a collector-emitter path in series with the measuring resistor and a base connected to the current lead through a series resistor,
a shunt regulator with an anode, a reference input and a cathode, wherein the cathode is connected to the base of the transistor, and the anode and the reference input form a voltage tap across the measuring resistor, and
an additional, high-ohmic current path that is in parallel to the transistor and comprises a component connected reverse-biased and having a diode characteristic and an auxiliary measuring resistor, wherein the auxiliary measuring resistor is integrated in the voltage tap;
wherein the collector-emitter paths of the respective transistors of the first and second current-limiting circuits are connected to one another in series and wherein the voltage taps formed by the anodes and reference inputs of the respective circuits tap the voltage drop across the measuring resistor.