System, devices, and methods including actively-controllable superoxide water generating systems

1. A powered surgical implant, comprising:

an active agent reservoir storing a superoxide-forming composition;

a plurality of controllable ports release configured to deliver the superoxide-forming composition stored in the active agent reservoir to an outer surface of the powered surgical implant;

a plurality of electrodes, the plurality of electrodes configured to energize an aqueous salt composition in the presence of an applied potential;

a power source electromagnetically, magnetically, ultrasonically, optically, inductively, electrically, or capacitively coupled to one or more of the plurality of electrodes; and

a control means operably coupled to the plurality of electrodes, the control means adapted to apply a potential across the plurality of electrodes from the power source, the applied potential sufficient to produce superoxide water from an aqueous salt composition proximate the plurality of electrodes when the powered surgical implant is implanted within a biological subject, and configured to actively control, via one or more processors, a port release rate, a port release amount, or a port release pattern.

2. The powered surgical implant of claim 1 , wherein the power source is configured to deliver a pulsed nondestructive field through tissue of the biological subject that is adjacent to the plurality of electrodes.

3. The powered surgical implant of claim 1 , wherein one or more electrodes of the plurality of electrodes include a titanium or titanium alloy coating.

4. The powered surgical implant of claim 1 , wherein one or more electrodes of the plurality of electrodes include a self-cleaning coating.

5. The powered surgical implant of claim 1 , wherein the powered surgical implant comprises a cerebrospinal fluid shunt.

6. The powered surgical implant of claim 1 , wherein the powered surgical implant comprises an artificial joint.

7. The powered surgical implant of claim 1 , further comprising:

a first outer coating, the first outer coating including a superoxide-forming composition.

8. The powered surgical implant of claim 1 , further comprising:

a first outer coating, the first outer coating including a self-cleaning coating composition.

9. The powered surgical implant of claim 1 , wherein the applied potential is sufficient to produce superoxide species in an interstitial fluid proximate the plurality of electrodes when the powered surgical implant is implanted within the biological subject.

10. The powered surgical implant of claim 1 , wherein the control means is adapted to apply a potential across the plurality of electrodes having parameters selected to produce superoxide species in an interstitial fluid proximate the plurality of electrodes when the powered surgical implant is implanted within the biological subject.

11. The powered surgical implant of claim 1 ,

wherein the power source includes at least one of a thermoelectric generator, piezoelectric generator, a microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) generator, or a biomechanical-energy harvesting generator to harvest energy generated by the biological subject.

12. The powered surgical implant of claim 1 , wherein the power source comprises at least one of a button cell, a chemical battery cell, a fuel cell, a secondary cell, a lithium ion cell, a micro-electric patch, a nickel metal hydride cell, silver-zinc cell, a capacitor, a super-capacitor, a thin film secondary cell, an ultra-capacitor, or a zinc-air cell.

13. The powered surgical implant of claim 1 , wherein the power source is configured to manage a duty cycle associated with energizing an aqueous salt composition in the presence of an applied potential.

14. The powered surgical implant of claim 1 , wherein the power source comprises at least one rechargeable power source.