Process for the preparation of buprenorphine and derivatives for buprenorphine
The invention generally provides processes for the production of buprenophine and derivatives of buprenorphine. In particular, the process may encompass synthetic routes for the production of buprenorphine or derivatives of buprenorphine from norhydromorphone or derivatives of norhydromorphone.
1. A process for the preparation of compound 8 according to the following reaction scheme:
wherein:
R 0 and R 8 are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrocarbyl, and substituted hydrocarbyl;
R 1 , R 7 and R 8a are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, hydrocarbyl, and substituted hydrocarbyl;
R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , and R 6 are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, halogen, OR b , hydrocarbyl, and substituted hydrocarbyl, or R 2 and R 3 may together form {−}=O;
R a is a hydroxyl protecting group;
R b is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, hydrocarbyl, and substituted hydrocarbyl;
M is selected from Group IA metal salts, and Group IIA metal salts;
X, and X 2 are independently selected from the group consisting of bromide, and chloride;
X 1 is bromide or chloride when R 4 is hydrogen, and X 1 is R 4 when R 4 is not hydrogen; and
Y is selected from the group consisting of oxygen, sulfur, and nitrogen.
2. The process of claim 1 , wherein:
R 1 , R 7 and R 8a are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen alkyl, substituted alkyl, alkenyl, substituted alkenyl, aryl, and substituted aryl;
M is selected from the group consisting of NaR, LiR, or RMgX 3 , where X 3 is chloride or bromide and R is a hydrocarbyl or substituted hydrocarbyl;
X, X 1 , and X 2 are each bromide; and
Y is oxygen.
3. The process of claim 1 , wherein
R 1 is {−}CH 2 -cyclopropyl;
R 2 , R 3 , R 5 , and R 6 are each hydrogen;
R 7 is methyl;
R 8 is tertiary butyl; and
Y is oxygen.
4. The process of claim 1 , wherein the molar ratio of compound 1 to oxygen protecting group is from about 1:1 to about 1:3, the reaction is conducted in the presence of a solvent selected from the group consisting of an organic solvent, a protic solvent, an aprotic solvent, and combinations thereof, and the reaction is conducted at a temperature ranging from about 20° C. to about 50° C.
5. The process of claim 4 , wherein the oxygen protecting group is selected from the group consisting of aryl-CH 2 Br.
6. The process of claim 1 , wherein the molar ratio of compound 2 to hydrocarbyl orthoformate to proton donor is from about 1:1:1.5 to about 1:2:3, the reaction is conducted in the presence of an aprotic solvent, and the reaction is conducted at a temperature ranging from about 20° C. to about 120° C.
7. The process of claim 6 , wherein the hydrocarbyl orthofomate is selected from the group consisting of trimethyl orthoformate, and triethyl orthoformate, and the proton donor is selected from the group consisting of MeSO 3 H, poly H 3 PO 4 , H 3 PO 4 , H 2 SO 4 , HCl, HBr, HClO 4 , HI, HNO 3 , CF 3 SO 3 H, p-methyltoluenesulfonic acid, HClO 3 , HBrO 4 , HIO 3 , and HIO 4 .
8. The process of claim 6 , wherein the reaction is conducted in the presence of an alcohol-containing solvent.
9. The process of claim 8 , wherein X is bromine added in an amount ranging from about 2 to about 2.5 equivalents for each equivalent of compound 2.
10. The process of claim 1 , wherein the molar ratio of compound 3 to proton acceptor is from about 1:1 to about 1:10, the reaction is conducted in the presence of an aprotic solvent, and the reaction is conducted at a temperature ranging from about 40° C. to about 120° C.
11. The process of claim 10 , wherein the proton acceptor is selected from the group consisting of hydroxide salts.
12. The process of claim 1 , wherein the molar ratio of compound 4 to alcohol scavenger is from about 1:0.3 to about 1:3, the reaction is conducted in the presence of an aprotic solvent, and the reaction is conducted at a temperature ranging from about 0° C. to about 80° C.
13. The process of claim 12 , wherein the alcohol scavenger is a methanol scavenger selected from the group consisting of P 2 O 5 , POCl 3 , POBr 3 , PCl 3 , PBr 3 , SOCl 2 , SOBr 2 , MeSO 2 Cl, (MeSO 2 ) 2 O, SO 3 , (CF 3 SO 2 ) 2 O, (CF 3 CO) 2 O, and (CR 3 CO) 2 O, wherein R is an alkyl group.
14. The process of claim 1 , wherein the molar ratio of compound 5 to
is from about 1:1 to about 1:10, the reaction is conducted in the presence of an organic solvent, and the reaction is conducted at a temperature ranging from about 20° C. to about 120°.
15. The process of claim 14 , wherein R 7 is a methyl group.
16. The process of claim 1 , wherein the reduction is catalytic reduction, the molar ratio of compound 6 to catalyst is from about 1:0.0005 to about 1:0.05, the reaction is conducted in the presence of an organic solvent, the reaction is conducted under pressurized hydrogen, and the reaction is conducted at a temperature ranging from about 20° C. to about 120° C.
17. The process of claim 16 , wherein the catalyst is a transition metal catalyst selected from the group consisting of Pd/C, Pt/C, Ru/C, and Rh/C; and the hydrogen pressure is between about 0 and about 500 PSI.
18. The process of claim 1 , wherein the molar ratio of compound 7 to R 8 M is from about 1:2 to about 1:10, the reaction is conducted in the presence of an aprotic solvent, and the reaction is conducted at a temperature ranging from about 60° C. to about 120° C.
19. The process of claim 18 , wherein R 8 is tertiary butyl.
20. The process of claim 19 , wherein M is MgCl.
21. The process of claim 1 , wherein the yield of compound 8 is from about 8% to about 20%; and the purity of compound 8 is at least 98% as determined by chromatography.
22. The process of claim 1 , wherein the configuration of carbons 5, 13, 14, and 9, respectively, of any of compounds 1 to 8 is selected from the group consisting RRRS, RRSS, SRRS, SRSS, RSRR, RSSR, SSRR, and SSSR, provided that the C15 and the C16 atoms are both either on the alpha face of the molecule or the beta face of the molecule.