Gasifier additives for improved refractory life
View Patent ↗Embodiments disclosed herein provide hydrocarbon additives and methods of making and using the same. The additives are suitable for use in conjunction with gasifiers, furnaces, or other high-temperature vessels. The additives may be part of an input stream to a reaction vessel of a hydrocarbon gasifier. The additives may include materials that at least partially reduce the infiltration of slag into the refractory material.
1. A feed material for a gasifier comprising:
a hydrocarbon; and
an additive, wherein the additive is a manganese oxide the feed material is adapted to form a liquid slag protective layer comprising at least about 15% by weight of manganese oxide, wherein the feed material comprises petroleum, coke, or biomass.
2. The feed material of claim 1 , wherein the feed material is adapted to form the liquid slag protective layer at a temperature of about 1500° C. or higher.
3. The feed material of claim 1 , wherein the composition of the liquid slag protective layer comprises at least about 20% by weight of manganese oxide.
4. The feed material of claim 1 , wherein the composition of the liquid slag protective layer comprises at least about 25% by weight of manganese oxide.
5. The feed material of claim 1 , wherein the additive comprises MnO, Mn 2 O 3 , Mn 3 O 4 , MnAl 2 O 4 , MnCr 2 O 4 or combinations thereof.
6. The feed material of claim 1 , wherein the additive comprises a powder or a slurry.
7. A process for modifying a feed material for a gasifier comprising:
determining the concentration of iron, magnesium, manganese, or a combination thereof in a hydrocarbon; and
providing an additive, wherein the additive comprises a sufficient amount of a manganese oxide such that when the additive is mixed with the hydrocarbon and exposed to a temperature higher than the melting temperature of the additive, a liquid slag protective layer comprising at least 15% by weight of manganese oxide is formed,
wherein the feed material comprises petroleum, coke, or biomass.
8. The process of claim 7 , wherein determining the concentration of manganese in a hydrocarbon comprises determining the concentration of manganese in a batch of coal from a particular geographic region.
9. The process of claim 7 , wherein providing the additive comprises providing MnO, Mn 2 O 3 , Mn 3 O 4 , MnAl 2 O 4 , MnCr 2 O 4 , or combinations thereof.