Compositions comprising metal-modified silica nanoparticles

1. A composition comprising particles with a transition metal imbedded therein, wherein the mole ratio of transition metal to particles is from about 25:1 to about 50:1, wherein the composition is prepared in the presence of ultrasonic energy, and wherein the particles are selected from the group consisting of organic particles, inorganic particles, and metal particles.

2. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the particles are inorganic particles selected from the group consisting of silica particles and alumina particles.

3. The composition of claim 2 , wherein the particles are silica particles.

4. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the transition metal is selected from the group consisting of scandium, titanium, vanadium, chromium, manganese, iron, cobalt, nickel, copper, zinc, silver, and gold.

5. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the transition metal is copper.

6. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the particles with the transition metal imbedded therein are for removing an odorous compound from a liquid or gas by chemical adsorption.

7. A composition comprising particles with a transition metal imbedded therein, wherein the particles are selected from the group consisting of organic particles, inorganic particles, and metal particles, and wherein the composition is prepared by a process comprising:

providing a treatment chamber comprising an interior space and an elongate ultrasonic waveguide assembly positioned within the interior space;

delivering a first formulation into the interior space of the chamber;

delivering a second formulation separately from the first formulation into the interior space of the chamber;

ultrasonically mixing the first and second formulations via the elongate ultrasonic waveguide assembly operating in a predetermined ultrasonic frequency.

8. The composition as set forth in claim 7 , wherein the first formulation comprises a basic buffer system.

9. The composition as set forth in claim 8 , wherein the basic buffer system is selected from the group consisting of aqueous sodium bicarbonate, potassium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide, ammonium hydroxide, sodium carbonate, and combinations thereof.

10. The composition as set forth in claim 8 , wherein the first formulation is delivered into the interior space of the chamber at a rate of from about 0.1 grams per minute to about 100,000 grams per minute.

11. The composition as set forth in claim 7 , wherein the second formulation comprises a salt of a transition metal and particles, wherein the particles are selected from the group consisting of organic particles, inorganic particles, and metal particles.

12. The composition as set forth in claim 11 , wherein the second formulation is delivered to the interior space of the chamber such that the particles of the second formulation are present in an amount of at least about 4% (by weight of the second formulation).

13. The composition as set forth in claim 11 , wherein the second formulation is delivered to the interior space of the chamber at a rate of from about 0.0001 L/min to about 100 L/min.

14. The composition as set forth in claim 11 , wherein the transition metal is selected from the group consisting of scandium, titanium, vanadium, chromium, manganese, iron, cobalt, nickel, copper, zinc, silver, and gold.

15. The composition of claim 11 , wherein the transition metal is copper.

16. The composition of claim 7 , wherein the particles with the transition metal imbedded therein are for removing an odorous compound from a liquid or gas by chemical adsorption.

17. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the mole ratio of transition metal to particles is about 50:1.