Dynamic range controller
View Patent ↗A circuit for preventing clipping in an Automatic Level Control (ALC) or Limiter, where the amplitude of the signal above the clipping point is estimated, then the signal level is automatically reduced over a defined period substantially equal to the feedforward delay in the ALC/Limiter. By adaptively controlling, based on the excess amplitude and the delay time available, an attack rate used in the ALC/Limiter to reduce the gain applied to an input signal, it can be ensured that the output amplitude is brought within the clipping level sufficiently quickly to prevent audible clipping.
1. A dynamic range controller for converting a varying input signal to an output signal with a controlled dynamic range, comprising:
a gain setting block arranged to receive the input signal and to set a gain value to be applied to the input signal in converting it to said output signal, the input signal being a digital audio signal comprising a series of samples;
a delay block arranged to delay the input signal by a predetermined time T prior to applying said gain value, the delay block providing temporary storage of N said samples of said digital audio signal; and
an anti-clip control block arranged to provide a control signal to the gain setting block based on a level of the input signal such that an attack rate, with which said gain value is reduced, is adaptively controlled to decrease the level of said output signal to at most a maximum permitted signal level within the time T, said maximum permitted signal level being a clipping level of the input signal, and said control signal being indicative of a value d/N where d is an amount by which the clipping level is predicted to be exceeded.
2. The dynamic range controller according to claim 1 wherein the anti-clip control block is arranged to receive an estimate of the level of the output signal which would be obtained by applying, to the current level of the input signal, the gain value presently set in the gain setting block.
3. The dynamic range controller according to claim 2 wherein the gain setting block comprises:
a gain control block arranged to receive the input signal and to generate a gain setting value; and
an attack/decay block arranged to apply said attack rate or a decay rate as a rate of change to the gain setting value from the gain control block in order to determine said gain value to be applied to the input signal, and responsive to the control signal from the anti-clip control block to vary said attack rate.
4. The dynamic range controller according to claim 3 wherein the gain control block is arranged to find and output the absolute value of the varying input signal.
5. The dynamic range controller according to claim 4 further comprising an adder arranged to receive said absolute value and the gain value set by the attack/decay block, the output of which provides said estimate of the level of the output signal to the anti-clip control block.
6. The dynamic range controller according to claim 5 wherein the anti-clip control block further comprises a latch arranged to store said estimate when this exceeds the maximum permitted signal level, and a divider for dividing the stored value by a quantity corresponding to the predetermined time T to provide said attack rate as said control signal to the gain setting block.
7. The dynamic range controller according to claim 1 wherein the anti-clip control block provides said control signal based on an amount by which the clipping level is predicted to be exceeded based on a present level of the input signal and the gain value presently set.
8. The dynamic range controller according to claim 1 , wherein the input signal is in the log domain, the attack rate linearly reducing the level of the input signal over the time T to within the maximum permitted level.
9. The dynamic range controller according to claim 1 wherein the anti-clip control block is arranged to provide a first said control signal indicative of said attack rate and a second control signal instructing the gain setting block to apply said attack rate to reduce the gain value.
10. The dynamic range controller according to claim 1 wherein the gain setting block is further arranged to detect an average or peak level of the input signal, and the gain setting block applies the average or peak level as an index to a look-up table of gain values.
11. An audio apparatus including the dynamic range controller of claim 1 .
12. The audio apparatus according to claim 11 in portable form, powered by a battery, the dynamic range controller serving to reduce a peak current drain on the battery.
13. A mobile telephone including the audio apparatus of claim 12 .