Device and method to monitor, track, map, and analyze usage of metered-dose inhalers in real-time
A system and method for accurately and reliably determining and recording the time, date and location where a medication is used, and a system and method for transmitting, collecting, and using that data to improve clinical care, disease management, and public health surveillance. The device allows information concerning drug usage, including the time, date and location of use, to be transmitted to a remote network computer system so that the data can be evaluated to determine current impairment and future risk, and to identify changes in the frequency, timing, or location of medication usage indicative of change in disease control or management, and to examine spatial, temporal or demographic patterns of medication use or absence of use among individuals and groups. In addition, the device may further be configured to transmit signals indicative of its status, condition or other results to the remote network computer system.
1. A method comprising:
receiving, at a portable electronic device, a usage event reporting a dispensing of medication by an inhaler medicament dispensing device associated with a first user, the usage event comprising a date and a time of the dispensing of the medication;
determining, by the portable electronic device, a geographic location of the portable electronic device in response to receiving the usage event;
associating the geographic location with the usage event;
transmitting, by the portable electronic device, the usage event to a remote computer system; and
receiving, at the portable electronic device from the remote computer system, an electronic notification comprising information generated based on analysis of a plurality of accumulated usage events including the previously transmitted usage event and a usage event transmitted by a device associated with a second user, the accumulated usage events having associated timestamps and geographic locations, the analysis based on the timestamps and geographic locations associated with the accumulated usage events, the electronic notification sent responsive to the analysis performed by the remote computer system.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the analysis comprises determining, based on the timestamps and geographic locations associated with the accumulated usage events, a potential cause of asthma symptoms, and wherein the electronic notification comprises the potential cause of asthma symptoms.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the analysis comprises determining, based on the timestamps and geographic locations associated with the accumulated usage events, a recommended treatment strategy for a patient, wherein the electronic notification comprises the recommended treatment strategy for the patient.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the analysis comprises generating, based on the timestamps and geographic locations associated with the accumulated usage events, a graphic visualization of timing and locations of medication usage by a patient, wherein the electronic notification provides access to the graphic visualization.
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the analysis comprises generating, based on the timestamps and geographic locations associated with the accumulated usage events, a graphic visualization of timing and locations of medication usage by a plurality of different patients, wherein the electronic notification provides access to the graphic visualization.
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the notification is generated based on parameters for when a patient should seek medical care, the parameters received from a health care provider.
7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the analysis comprises generating, based on the timestamps and geographic locations associated with the accumulated usage events, a questionnaire that assesses a patient's level of asthma control or quality of life, wherein the electronic notification comprises the questionnaire.
8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the analysis comprises determining, based on the timestamps and geographic locations associated with the accumulated usage events, information about a patient's compliance with a treatment regimen, wherein the electronic notification comprises the information about the patient's compliance with the treatment regimen.
9. The method of claim 1 , wherein the analysis comprises:
identifying an event of interest and an event area based on the timestamps and geographic locations associated with the accumulated usage events and based on data from one or more remote information sources, the data comprising at least one from the group consisting of weather, pollen counts, and pollution levels; and
generating the notification responsive to determining that the received usage event has an associated geographic location that is within the event area, wherein the notification comprises information about the event of interest.
10. The method of claim 1 , wherein the electronic notification is at least one from the group consisting of an SMS message, an email, and a HTTP request.
11. A method comprising:
receiving, at a network computer system, a plurality of usage events, the plurality of usage events including a first usage event transmitted by a first device associated with a first user and a second usage event transmitted by a second device associated with a second user, each usage event reporting a dispensing of medication by an inhaler medicament dispensing device, each of the usage events comprising a timestamp and a geographical location of the dispensing of the medication;
analyzing the usage events to identify an event of interest based on the timestamps and geographical locations of the received usage events; and
responsive to the analyzing,
preparing an electronic notification of the event of interest; and
sending the electronic notification to the first user.
12. The method of claim 11 , wherein the event of interest comprises a spatial cluster of usage events.
13. The method of claim 11 , wherein the event of interest comprises a temporal cluster of usage events.
14. The method of claim 11 , wherein the event of interest comprises a historically significant permutation from individual, geographic, clinic, epidemiologic, demographic, or spatial baselines.
15. The method of claim 11 , further comprising:
receiving from a health care provider parameters for adjusting medication; and
wherein sending the electronic notification is further based on the parameters.
16. The method of claim 11 , further comprising:
receiving from a health care provider parameters for when a patient should seek medical care; and
wherein sending the electronic notification is further based on the parameters.
17. The method of claim 11 , further comprising:
sending, regularly over time, a report of usage patterns.
18. The method of claim 17 , wherein the report comprises at least one of demographic or geographic segments.
19. The method of claim 11 , further comprising:
receiving from one or more authorized users information comprising at least one from the group consisting of:
a patient's disease status,
a perceived cause of a patient's asthma symptoms, and
a patient's medical record information; and
associating the received information regarding the patient with at least one of the usage events.
20. The method of claim 11 , further comprising:
receiving from one or more authorized users or remote information sources information comprising at least one from the group consisting of:
air quality data
traffic data
pollen count data,
pollution level data, and
meteorological data; and
associating the received information with at least one of the usage events.
21. The method of claim 11 , further comprising:
receiving from one or more patients information comprising at least one from the group consisting of:
measurements of lung function,
symptoms,
health care utilization,
anthropomorphic measurements,
physiological measurements, and
answers to questionnaires; and
associating the received information with at least one of the usage events.
22. The method of claim 11 , wherein the electronic notification includes information regarding a timing, a location, and a list of affected persons involved or not involved in the event of interest.
23. The method of claim 11 , further comprising:
creating a graphic visualization of the time and location of medication usage based on the usage events; and
wherein the electronic notification provides access to the graphic visualization.
24. The method of claim 11 , wherein the electronic notification comprises a questionnaire that assesses a patient's level of asthma control or quality of life.
25. The method of claim 11 , wherein the electronic notification comprises information about a patient's compliance with a treatment regimen.
26. The method of claim 11 , wherein the electronic notification is at least one from the group consisting of an SMS message, an email, and a HTTP request.