Disinfectant with durable activity based on alcohol-soluble quaternary ammonium polymers and copolymers
An alcohol- or glycol-soluble, water-insoluble, disinfectant composition and a method of using the same for disinfecting and for providing a prolonged antimicrobial property to a variety of surfaces, including skin. The composition comprises at least one alcohol or glycol and an antimicrobial polymer that is capable of imparting an antimicrobial property to a surface without the use of a metal or a metal-containing compound. The composition is applied to a surface and allowed to evaporate leaving a coating of antimicrobial polymer. Alternatively, the composition is incorporated into or within the substrate.
1. A method of fabricating an antimicrobial substrate consisting essentially of the steps of:
a. preparing a composition, wherein said composition comprises (1) a solvent consisting essentially of acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, tetrahydrofuran, ethyl acetate, an ether, an ester, benzene, toluene, a carbonate, a hydrocarbon, a chlorinated hydrocarbon, an alcohol, a glycol, or a mixture thereof, and (2) an antimicrobial polymer
wherein said antimicrobial polymer is (a) a polyurethane polymer or (b) a polymer comprising allyl- or vinyl-containing monomers, and
wherein said antimicrobial polymer further comprises a monomeric moiety covalently bound to the molecular structure of the polymer, wherein said monomeric moiety has at least one quaternary ammonium group,
wherein there is at least one mole of quaternary ammonium moieties per 650 grams of said antimicrobial polymer,
wherein said antimicrobial polymer is readily soluble in said solvent but insoluble in water,
wherein said solvent serves as a carrier for combining said antimicrobial polymer with a substrate, and
wherein said antimicrobial activity is not provided by an antimicrobial metallic material,
b. applying said composition to said substrate, wherein said composition is wholly or partially infused, absorbed-into, penetrated, impregnated, coated, adhered, attached, interpenetrated, or otherwise incorporated into or onto said substrate, and
c. drying or evaporating said solvent, whereby said antimicrobial polymer remains on or in said substrate upon exposure to aqueous fluids, and whereby said antimicrobial polymer imparts durable antimicrobial activity to said substrate.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein said solvent consists essentially of an alcohol, a glycol, or a mixture thereof.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein said composition of step a further comprises (3) a UV-curable coating composition.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein said antimicrobial substrate is a cosmetic formulation comprising said antimicrobial polymer.
5. The method of claim 1 , further comprising the step of incorporating said substrate into an article prior to step c whereby an antimicrobial article is produced, and whereby said antimicrobial polymer remains on or in said antimicrobial article upon exposure to aqueous fluids.
6. The method of claim 5 , wherein said substrate comprises a polymer, textile, wood, or paper.
7. The method of claim 5 , wherein said antimicrobial article is a suture or a wound dressing.
8. The method of claim 5 , wherein said antimicrobial article is selected from the group consisting of a suture, a wound dressing, a film, a fiber, a gel, a foam, an adhesive, a sealant, a caulk, a tube, a sheet, a rod, a coating, and a powder.
9. The method of claim 8 , wherein said antimicrobial article is a wound dressing comprising an antimicrobial foam.
10. The method of claim 8 , wherein said antimicrobial article is a suture.
11. The method of claim 8 , wherein said antimicrobial article is an adhesive.
12. The method of claim 8 , wherein said antimicrobial article is a tube.
13. The method of claim 8 , wherein said antimicrobial article is a wound dressing.
14. The method of claim 1 , wherein said allyl- or vinyl-containing monomeric moiety is a vinylbenzyltrimethylammonium salt or a diallyldialkylammonium salt.
15. The method of claim 1 , wherein said composition of step a further comprises at least one additive selected from the group consisting of a drug, an antimicrobial agent, an antiseptic agent, a thickening agent, a moisturizer, an emollient, a vitamin, a temporary dye, a permanent dye, and a UV absorber, whereby the antimicrobial article has additional characteristics resulting from incorporating said composition.
16. The method of claim 15 , wherein said additive is a leachable antimicrobial agent selected from the group consisting of quaternary ammonium salts, biguanides, and phenolic compounds.
17. The method of claim 16 , wherein said leachable antimicrobial agent is selected from the group consisting of benzalkonium chloride, benzethonium chloride, dimethyldidecyl ammonium chloride, chlorhexidine, poly(hexamethylene biguanide), phenol, triclosan and mixtures thereof.
18. The method of claim 17 , wherein said additive is an emollient selected from the group consisting of glycerol, ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, butylene glycol, pentane glycol, dipropylene glycol, polypropylene glycol, polyethylene glycol, mineral oil, fatty alcohol, lanolin, silicone, isopropyl palmitate, squalane, glycerin, an isomer or derivative thereof, and a mixture of any of the aforesaid.
19. The method of claim 1 , wherein at least one nitrogen of said at least one quaternary ammonium group of said monomeric moiety is in the main-chain of said antimicrobial polymer.