Selenium Containing Electrically Conductive Polymers and Method of Making Electrically Conductive Polymers
Monomeric, oligomeric and polymeric electrically conductive compounds and methods of making the compounds having a repeating unit having formula P1, as follows: where X is S or Se, Y is S or Se, wherein one or both of X and Y is Se, R is a substituent group capable of bonding to the ring structure. R may include hydrogen or isotopes thereof, hydroxyl, alkyl, including C 1 to C 20 primary, secondary or tertiary alkyl groups, arylalkyl, alkenyl, perfluoroalkyl, perfluororaryl, aryl, alkoxy, cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, alkanoyl, alkylthio, aryloxy, alkylthioalkyl, alkynyl, alkylaryl, arylalkyl, amido, alkylsulfinyl, alkoxyalkyl, alkylsulfonyl, aryl, arylamino, diarylamino, alkylamino, dialkylamino, arylarylamino, arylthio, heteroaryl, arylsulfinyl, alkoxycarbonyl, arylsulfonyl, carboxyl, halogen, nitro, cyano, sulfonic acid, or alkyl or phenyl substituted with one or more sulfonic acid, phosphoric acid, carboxylic acid, halo, amino, nitro, hydroxyl, cyano or epoxy moieties. Electrical devices utilizing the electrically conductive polymers is also disclosed.
1 . A process for forming an electrically conductive polymer composition comprising:
providing a mixture comprising:
a compound containing a repeating unit having formula:
X is S or Se, Y is S or Se, wherein one or both of X and Y is Se, and R is a substituent group or alpha position; and
at least one polyanion;
reacting the mixture for a sufficient time and at a sufficient temperature to produce a polymeric material having electrically conductive properties.
2 . The process of claim 1 , wherein R is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, isotopes of hydrogen, hydroxyl, alkyl, arylalkyl, alkenyl, perfluoroalkyl, perfluororaryl, aryl, alkoxy, cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, alkanoyl, alkylthio, aryloxy, alkylthioalkyl, alkynyl, alkylaryl, arylalkyl, amido, alkylsulfinyl, alkoxyalkyl, alkylsulfonyl, aryl, arylamino, diarylamino, alkylamino, dialkylamino, arylarylamino, arylthio, heteroaryl, arylsulfinyl, alkoxycarbonyl, arylsulfonyl, carboxyl, halogen, nitro, cyano, sulfonic acid, and alkyl and phenyl substituted with one or more sulfonic acid, sulfonic acid derivative, phosphoric acid, phosphoric acid derivative, carboxylic acid, carboxylic acid derivative, halo, amino, nitro, hydroxyl, cyano, epoxy moieties and combinations thereof.
3 . The process of claim 1 , wherein R is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkylaryl, arylalkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, C 1 to C 12 primary, secondary or tertiary alkyl groups, which may be mono- or polysubstituted by F, Cl, Br, I or CN, and wherein one or more non-adjacent CH2 groups may be replaced, independently with —O—, —S—, —NH—, —NR′—, —SiR′R″—, CO—, —COO—, —OCO—, —OCO—O—, —S—CO—, —CO—S—, —CH═CH— or —O≡C— in such a manner that O and/or S atoms are not linked directly to one another, phenyl and substituted phenyl groups, cyclohexyl, naphthalenic, hydroxyl, alkyl ether, perfluoroalkyl, perfluoroaryl, carboxylic acids, esters and sulfonic acid groups, perfluoro, SF 5 , F and combinations thereof, wherein R′ and R″ are independently of each other H, aryl or alkyl with 1 to 12 C-atoms.
4 . The process of claim 1 , wherein the polyanion comprises anions selected from the group consisting of an anion of a polyacrylic acid, polymethacrylic acid, polyphosphonic acid, polyphosphoric acid, fluorinated sulfonic acid, polymaleic acid, polystyrene sulfonic acid, polyvinyl sulfonic acid, copolymers of vinyl carboxylic acid with acrylate or styrene, vinyl sulfonic acids with acrylate or styrene, and combinations thereof.
5 . The process of claim 4 , wherein the polyanion comprises a molecular weight of the anions supplying the polyanions is from about 1,000 to about 500,000.
6 . The process of claim 1 , wherein the mixture further comprises an oxidant.
7 . The process of claim 1 , wherein the mixture comprises an organic solvent.
8 . The process of claim 1 , wherein the mixture comprises an organic solvent and water.
9 . The process of claim 6 , wherein the oxidant comprises a compound selected from the group consisting of iron (III) salts, H 2 O 2 , K 2 Cr 2 O 7 , alkali persulfate, ammonium persulfate, alkali perborate, potassium permangate, copper salts, iodine, air and oxygen.
10 . The process of claim 1 , wherein the reacting includes providing a current through the mixture to polymerize the compound.
11 . The process of claim 1 , wherein the mixture further comprises a dopant compound selected from the group consisting of HCl, HNO 3 , H 2 SO 4 , H 3 PO 4 , HBr, HI, dodecyl benzene sulfonic acid, lauryl sulfonic acid, camphor sulfonic acid, organic acid dyes, methane sulfonic acid, toluene sulfonic acid, poly(styrene sulfonic acid), fluorinated sulfonic acid polymer, copolymers of sulphonic acid, adipic acid, azelaic acid, oxalic acid, poly(acrylic acid), poly(maleic acid), poly(methacrylic acid) and copolymers of carboxylic acid and combinations thereof.
12 . The process of claim 1 , wherein the mixture further comprises a dopant compound selected from the group consisting of Na, K, Li, Ca, I 2 , PF 6 —, SbF 6 —, and FeCl 3 .
13 . The process of claim 1 wherein the polyanion comprises at least one fluorinated sulfonic acid polymer.
14 . A composition comprising Poly(selenolo[2,3-c]thiophene), at least one polyanion and at least one member selected from the group consisting of water and an organic solvent.
15 . The composition of 14 wherein said polyanion comprises at least one fluorinated sulfonic acid polymer.
16 . The composition of claim 14 wherein the organic solvent comprises at least one alcohol.