Efficient and light weight thermoelectric waste heat recovery system
One embodiment includes an on-board thermoelectric vehicle system for generating electrical energy using a heated fluid stream, including at least one thermoelectric device having a high temperature junction and a low temperature junction, and a body of high conductivity foam shaped and located to increase heat transfer from the heated fluid stream to the high temperature junction or to increase heat transfer from the low temperature junction of the thermoelectric device.
1 . An on-board thermoelectric vehicle system for generating electrical energy using a fluid stream, heated above ambient air temperature, and flowing in a heated fluid stream conduit from an internal combustion engine powering the vehicle, the heated fluid stream conduit being in heat transfer relationship with air ambient to the vehicle; the thermoelectric system comprising:
at least one thermoelectric device having at least one high temperature junction of conductive elements and at least one low temperature junction of conductive elements for producing an electrical potential when the high temperature junction and low temperature junction experience a difference in temperature, the thermoelectric device being located on the vehicle with its high temperature junction in heat transfer relationship with the heated fluid stream conduit and its low temperature junction being located in heat transfer relationship with ambient air; and
a body of high conductivity foam in heat transfer contact with at least one of the high temperature junction and the low temperature junction of the thermoelectric device, the foam body being shaped and located to increase heat transfer from the heated fluid stream to the high temperature junction or to increase heat transfer from the low temperature junction of the thermoelectric device.
2 . A system as set forth in claim 1 wherein the high conductivity foam body comprises carbon foam.
3 . A system as set forth in claim 2 wherein the carbon foam is formed from pitch.
4 . A system as set forth in claim 1 wherein the heated fluid stream conduit is an exhaust pipe and the heated fluid stream is exhaust gas.
5 . A system as set forth in claim 4 wherein the body of high conductivity foam is positioned inside the exhaust pipe.
6 . A system as set forth in claim 4 further comprising a casing around the exhaust pipe and a second body of high conductivity foam, wherein the thermoelectric device is positioned on one side of the casing and the second high conductivity foam body is positioned on the other side of the casing.
7 . A system as set forth in claim 6 wherein the second body of high conductivity foam comprises carbon foam.
8 . A system as set forth in claim 7 wherein the carbon foam if formed from pitch.
9 . A system as set forth in claim 1 wherein the heated fluid stream conduit is radiator tube and the heated fluid stream is liquid coolant.
10 . A system as set forth in claim 9 further comprising at least one radiator fin and wherein the thermoelectric device and the high conductivity foam body are positioned on the radiator fin.
11 . A system as set forth in claim 1 wherein the thermoelectric device comprises a thermoelectric material.
12 . A system as set forth in claim 11 wherein the thermoelectric material comprises at least one of a skutterudite, Bi 2 Te 3 -based alloy, Zn 4 Sb 3 , PbSeTe/PbTe quantum dot superlattice, Bi 2 Te 3 /Sb 2 Te 3 superlattice, AgPb 18 SbTe 20 , PbTe-based alloy, SiGe-based alloy, or other high efficiency thermoelectric material.
13 . A system as set forth in claim 1 wherein the high conductivity foam body comprises at least one pore through which the heated fluid stream or the cold fluid stream flows.
14 . A method for generating electrical energy on-board a vehicle using a fluid stream, heated above ambient air temperature, the method comprising:
providing at least one thermoelectric device having at least one high temperature junction of conductive elements and at least one low temperature junction of conductive elements, the thermoelectric device being located on the vehicle with its high temperature junction in heat transfer relationship with a heated fluid stream conduit and its low temperature junction being located in heat transfer relationship with ambient air;
flowing the heated fluid stream in the heated fluid stream conduit from an internal combustion engine powering the vehicle, the heated fluid stream conduit being in heat transfer relationship with air ambient to the vehicle;
providing a body of high conductivity foam in heat transfer contact with at least one of the high temperature junction and the low temperature junction of the thermoelectric device, the foam body being shaped and located to increase heat transfer from the heated fluid stream to the high temperature junction or to increase heat transfer from the low temperature junction of the thermoelectric device;
capturing thermal energy from the heated fluid stream using the thermoelectric device when the high temperature junction and low temperature junction experience a difference in temperature; and
converting the thermal energy into electrical power.
15 . A method as set forth in claim 14 wherein the heated fluid stream conduit is an exhaust pipe and the heated fluid stream is exhaust gas.
16 . A method as set forth in claim 14 wherein the heated fluid stream conduit is radiator tube and the heated fluid stream is liquid coolant.
17 . A method as set forth in claim 14 wherein the body of high conductivity foam comprises carbon foam.
18 . A method as set forth in claim 17 wherein the carbon foam is formed from pitch.