Methods and apparatus for industrial waste recovery

1. A method for recovering lime from a manufacturing process, the method comprising:

baking lime sludge in a kiln;

controlling a flame temperature of a flame in a calcining zone of the kiln so as to vaporize sodium contained in the lime sludge, wherein interaction of the vaporized sodium with SO x deters accumulation of one or both of CaCO 3 and CaSO 4 on one or more inner surfaces of the kiln; and

co-firing petroleum coke with natural gas to produce the flame, wherein co-firing petroleum coke with natural gas comprises burning natural gas to produce a primary ignition source and injecting petroleum coke downwardly into the primary ignition source.

2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the act of controlling the flame temperature comprises one or more of selecting a volumetric flow rate of an oxidizer, selecting a volumetric flow rate of a fuel-supply inlet stream carrying entrained particles of petroleum coke, and selecting respective flow rates of petroleum coke and fluid fuel.

3. The method of claim 2 , wherein a volumetric flow rate of a fuel-supply stream is between about 550 CFM and about 850 CFM.

4. The method of claim 2 , wherein a flow rate of petroleum coke is between about 50 pounds per minute and about 60 pounds per minute.

5. The method of claim 2 , wherein the fluid fuel flow rate comprises a natural gas flow rate between about 10 MCF and about 20 MCF.

6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the act of controlling the flame temperature comprises controlling the flame temperature of the flame so that a temperature in a calcining zone of the kiln is above about 2250° F.

7. The method of claim 1 , wherein a fluid-fuel injector provides a flow of natural gas that is burned to produce the primary ignition source, and the petroleum coke is injected into the primary ignition source from an injector body that is positioned above the fluid-fuel injector and has an outlet nozzle that injects the petroleum coke downwardly into the primary ignition source.

8. The method of claim 7 , wherein the injector body comprises a tube having an inner-diameter of about 4 inches and a fuel-supply stream of air with entrained particles of petroleum coke is injected into the primary ignition source from the injector body.

9. A method for recovering lime from a manufacturing process, the method comprising:

baking lime sludge in a kiln;

controlling a flame temperature of a flame so that a temperature in a calcining zone of the kiln is above about 2250° F. to vaporize sodium contained in the lime sludge, wherein interaction of the vaporized sodium with SO x deters accumulation of one or both of CaCO 3 and CaSO 4 on one or more inner surfaces of the kiln; and

wherein:

the lime sludge, prior to entering the kiln, is rinsed with a rinse to generate a filtrate comprising dissolved NaOH;

the act of baking the rinsed lime sludge in the kiln causes the kiln to exhaust at least some SOx;

at least a portion of the SOx is scrubbed in a scrubber at least partially charged with the filtrate comprising dissolved NaOH.

10. The method of claim 9 , further comprising:

removing quick lime from the kiln.

11. A method for recovering lime from a manufacturing process, the method comprising:

baking lime sludge in a kiln;

controlling a flame temperature of a flame so that a temperature in a calcining zone of the kiln is above about 2250° F. to vaporize sodium contained in the lime sludge, wherein interaction of the vaporized sodium with SO x deters accumulation of one or both of CaCO 3 and CaSO 4 on one or more inner surfaces of the kiln; and

wherein the flame is produced by:

continuously burning natural gas for providing a primary ignition source in the kiln; and

injecting petroleum coke into the primary ignition source from above such that the petroleum coke is ignited in the kiln.

12. A method for recovering lime from a manufacturing process, the method comprising:

baking lime sludge in a kiln;

controlling a flame temperature of a flame so that a temperature in a calcining zone of the kiln is above about 2250° F. to vaporize sodium contained in the lime sludge, wherein interaction of the vaporized sodium with SO x deters accumulation of one or both of CaCO 3 and CaSO 4 on one or more inner surfaces of the kiln; and

wherein:

the kiln comprises an entrance region for receiving lime sludge, the entrance region being opposite the calcining zone; and

the kiln further comprises a co-fired burner for burning pulverized solid fuel in the calcining zone, wherein the co-fired burner comprises a fluid-fuel injector for providing a continuous ignition source and an injector body positioned above the fluid-fuel injector for injecting a pulverized solid fuel downwardly into the continuous ignition source.

13. The method of claim 12 , wherein the fluid-fuel injector comprises one or more turning vanes for mixing a fluid fuel with an oxidizer.

14. The method of claim 12 , wherein the injector body comprises:

a nozzle for turning a stream of the solid fuel between about 15 degrees and about 25 degrees.

15. The method of claim 12 , wherein the injector body comprises a tube having an inner-diameter of about 4 inches.

16. The method of claim 12 , further comprising injecting petroleum coke from the injector body into the continuous ignition source from the fluid-fuel injector to produce the flame.

17. The method of claim 12 , wherein the calcining zone is positioned below the co-fired burner.

18. The method of claim 12 , further comprising injecting a pulverized solid fuel from the injector body into the continuous ignition source from the fluid-fuel injector to produce the flame.

19. The method of claim 15 , wherein a volumetric flow rate of the fuel-supply stream through the injector body is between about 550 CFM and about 850 CFM.