Duplex oligonucleotides with enhanced functionality in gene regulation
Disclosed are methods of enhancing functionality of duplex oligonucleotides and compositions made by the methods. The duplex oligonucleotides include siRNAs, miRNA mimics, and piRNA mimics which contain modified nucleotides and mismatches between the two strands of the molecule at specific nucleotide positions.
1. A method for inhibiting expression of a target mRNA in a cell, the method comprising delivering to said cell a duplex oligonucleotide complex comprising:
a. a sense strand that is 19 nucleotide in length, wherein nucleotides 1 and 2 and all C nucleotides and all U nucleotides on said sense strand are 2′O- methyl modified;
b. an antisense strand that is 21 nucleotides in length, wherein:
i. all C nucleotides and all U nucleotides on said antisense strand are 2′ F modified;
ii. the antisense strand has 100% complementarity with a target mRNA;
iii. the sense strand and the antisense strand form a duplex having a 2 nucleotide overhang at the 3′ end of the antisense strand, said 2 nucleotide overhang comprising phosphorothioate linkages;
c. a cholesterol molecule attached to the 3′ end of the sense strand via a C5 linker molecule wherein the cholesterol- linker-sense strand has the structure:
d. a phosphate group at the 5′ end of the antisense strand; and
e. three mismatches on the sense strand with the corresponding nucleotides on the antisense strand, wherein the mismatches are between nucleotide 6 on the sense strand and the opposite nucleotide 14 on the antisense strand, nucleotide 13 on the sense strand and the opposite nucleotide 7 on the antisense strand, and nucleotide 19 on the sense strand and the opposite nucleotide 1 on the antisense strand, wherein said mismatches enhance silencing activity of the complex;
wherein the duplex oligonucleotide complex is capable of entry into a cell by passive delivery and
wherein each nucleotide number refers to the nucleotide's position in an identified strand as counted from the identified strand's 5′ end and at all positions other than positions 6, 13 and 19 on the sense strand, there is a nucleotide that is complementary to the nucleotide on the opposite position on the antisense strand.
2. The method of claim 1 wherein said duplex oligonucleotide complex is delivered to said cell by reverse transfection.
3. The method of claim 1 wherein said duplex oligonucleotide complex is delivered to said cell in vivo.
4. The method of claim 1 wherein the nucleotide 6 on the sense strand of said duplex oligonucleotide complex is the same nucleotide that occurs on position 14 of the antisense strand, the nucleotide 13 on the sense strand is the same nucleotide that occurs on position 7 on the antisense strand, and the nucleotide 19 on the sense strand is the same as the opposite nucleotide 1 on the antisense strand.
5. The method of claim 4 wherein the 2 nucleotide overhang at the 3′ end of the antisense strand of said duplex oligonucleotide complex is UU.
6. The method of claim 5 wherein all nucleotides of said duplex oligonucleotide complex other than the nucleotides 1 and 2 of the sense strand and all C nucleotides and all U nucleotides of the sense and antisense strands comprise a 2′ -OH.