Fluorescence-activated cell detector
An apparatus for detecting particles of interest that are dispersed in a fluid mix, which typically includes other particles. The apparatus typically is associated with an interrogation platform arranged to operate in harmony with an opaque member having an orifice sized to promote single-file travel of the particles there-through. A currently preferred embodiment includes a light pipe configured to impinge stimulation-radiation substantially transverse to a direction of fluid flow through the opaque member. Particles of interest may be tagged using antibody-binding, fluorescing molecules. Stimulation radiation from the source causes the tagged particles to undergo a Stokes-shift emission of fluorescence. The resulting fluorescence is detected by the radiation detector and indicates passage of the particles of interest. One workable opaque member is advantageously included in a thin film assembly carried on a removable and disposable card that is adapted for reception in the interrogation platform.
1. An apparatus for detecting a Stokes-shift caused by certain particles entrained in a fluid, the apparatus comprising:
a first fluid channel;
a second fluid channel;
a barrier layer disposed between said first fluid channel and said second fluid channel, a first tunnel extending through said barrier layer permitting fluid communication between said first fluid channel and said second fluid channel;
an interrogation zone associated in proximity to said first tunnel;
a first optical path configured to admit excitation-radiation to said interrogation zone; and
a second optical path configured to permit propagation of emission-radiation, from a particle of interest disposed in said interrogation zone and stimulated by said excitation-radiation, toward a radiation-detection device, wherein:
structure associated with any or all of said first fluid channel, said first tunnel, and/or said second fluid channel is configured to urge substantially single-file travel of particles through said interrogation zone.
2. The apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein:
said barrier layer is substantially opaque to radiation.
3. The apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein:
said first optical path is configured to guide said stimulation-radiation to impinge on said interrogation zone at an angle substantially transverse to an axis of said tunnel.
4. The apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein:
said apparatus is structured effective to permit either of, or both of:
1) radiological interrogation of a portion of said fluid as said portion flows through said interrogation zone, and
2) interrogation of an electrical property associated with said fluid as said fluid flows through either, or both, of said first fluid channel and said second fluid channel.
5. The apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein:
said apparatus is configured and arranged to provide:
a first feedback signal to indicate a start condition for an optical interrogation test of a portion of said fluid as said portion flows through said interrogation zone; and
a second feedback signal to indicate a stop condition for said optical interrogation test.
6. The apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein:
said first optical path comprises a portion of a light pipe carried by said apparatus.
7. The apparatus according to claim 6 , wherein:
said light pipe is configured to focus radiation transmitted there-through for impingement of focused radiation on an interrogation zone at an increased intensity compared to an intensity of radiation received at a transmission interface of said light pipe.
8. The apparatus according to claim 6 , wherein:
a pig-tail portion of said light pipe extends from a perimeter of said apparatus to permit coupling a source of radiation to said pig-tail.
9. The apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein:
said second optical path comprises at least a portion of said first tunnel.
10. The apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein:
said first optical path directs excitation-radiation toward one side of said barrier layer; and
said second optical path is configured to permit emission-radiation to propagate from the other side of said barrier layer toward a radiation-detection device.
11. The apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein:
said apparatus comprises a multilayered, thin film, microfluidic plumbing arrangement.
12. The apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein:
said apparatus comprises a plurality of thin film layers, said first fluid channel being disposed in a first layer, and said second fluid channel being disposed in a second layer.
13. The apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein:
fluid flow along an axis through said tunnel is directed approximately orthogonal to fluid flow along an axis of a portion of said first channel disposed adjacent to said tunnel.
14. The apparatus according to claim 13 , wherein:
fluid flow along an axis through said tunnel is also directed approximately orthogonal to fluid flow along an axis of a portion of said second channel disposed adjacent to said tunnel.
15. The apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein:
said first tunnel has a characteristic dimension sized between about 5 microns and about 200 microns.
16. The apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein:
a thickness of said barrier layer is between about 10 microns and about 300 microns.
17. The apparatus according to claim 1 , further comprising:
a first filter disposed between a radiation source and said radiation-detection device, said first filter being configured and arranged to resist reception of said stimulation-radiation by said radiation-detection device.
18. An apparatus for detecting a Stokes-shift caused by certain particles entrained in a fluid, the apparatus comprising:
a first thin film layer defining a first fluid channel;
a second thin film layer defining a second fluid channel;
a third thin film layer structured to be substantially opaque to radiation propagation there-through in a thickness direction and disposed between said first thin film layer and said second thin film layer, a tunnel extending through said third thin film layer permitting optical and fluid communication between said first fluid channel and said second fluid channel;
an interrogation zone associated in proximity to said tunnel, wherein:
structure associated with any or all of said first fluid channel, said tunnel, and/or said second fluid channel is configured to urge travel through said interrogation zone of particles in substantially single-file;
a first optical path configured to admit excitation-radiation, from an external radiation source, to said interrogation zone; and
a second optical path configured to permit propagation of emission-radiation, from a particle of interest disposed in said interrogation zone and stimulated by said excitation-radiation, to the exterior of said apparatus.
19. The apparatus of claim 18 , wherein:
said first optical path comprises a radiation waveguide configured to direct said stimulation-radiation to impinge on said interrogation zone at an angle substantially transverse to an axis of said tunnel.
20. The apparatus according to claim 18 , wherein:
said thin film layers are carried on a removable and disposable cartridge, said cartridge being adapted to interface with structure of an interrogation platform, and in combination with:
said interrogation platform, wherein:
said interrogation platform comprises:
said radiation source;
a radiation detector; and
structure operable to apply a motive force to fluid effective to cause fluid flow through said interrogation zone.