Crosslinking method and crosslinked polysaccharide made thereby
A method for crosslinking a polysaccharide, includes the step of contacting particles of the polysaccharide with a titanium compound in an aqueous medium under conditions appropriate to intra-particulately crosslink the discrete particles.
1 . A method for making crosslinked derivatized polysaccharides, comprising:
(a) contacting particles of a polysaccharide with a titanium compound in an aqueous medium under conditions appropriate to intra-particulately crosslink the particles;
(b) reacting, prior to or subsequent to the step of contacting the particles of polysaccharide with the titanium compound, the particles of polysaccharide with a derivatizing agent under conditions appropriate to produce derivatized polysaccharide particles; and
(c) washing the crosslinked and derivatized particles.
2 . The method of claim 1 wherein step (b) comprises reacting, after the step of contacting the particles of polysaccharide with the titanium compound, the particles of polysaccharide with a derivatizing agent under conditions appropriate to produce derivatized polysaccharide particles.
3 . The method of claim 1 wherein step (b) comprises reacting, prior to the step of contacting the particles of polysaccharide with the titanium compound, the particles of polysaccharide with a derivatizing agent under conditions appropriate to produce derivatized polysaccharide particles.
4 . The method of claim 1 wherein the titanium compound is selected from the group consisting of titanium (II), titanium (III), titanium (IV), titanium (VI) compounds and mixtures thereof.
5 . The method of claim 1 wherein the titanium compound is selected from the group consisting of a titanium salt, a titanium chelate, a titanium ester and mixtures thereof.
6 . The method of claim 1 wherein the titanium compound is selected from the group consisting of titanium tetrachloride, titanium tetrabromide, tetra amino titanate, titanium acetylacetonate, triethanolamine titanate, titanium lactate, n-butyl polytitanate, titanium tetrapropanolate, octyleneglycol titanate, tetra-n-butyl titanate, tetra-n-butyl titanate, tetra-2-ethylhexyl titanate, tetra-isopropyl titanate tetra-isopropyl titanate, diisopropyl di-triethanolamino titanate, titanium ortho ester, titanium (IV) chloride and mixtures thereof.
7 . A crosslinked derivatized polysaccharide composition comprising, based on 100 parts by weight (pbw) of the composition, from about 1 to about 30 pbw of crosslinked derivatized polysaccharides made by the method of claim 1 , from about 65 to about 95 pbw of water, and from about 5 to about 20 pbw of an electrolyte.
8 . The polysaccharide composition of claim 7 wherein the electrolyte is selected from the group consisting of an alkali metal, ammonium salt, sodium chloride, sodium citrate, sodium sulfate and mixtures thereof.
9 . A crosslinked derivatized polysaccharide composition comprising, based on 100 parts by weight (pbw) of the composition, from about 1 to about 15 pbw crosslinked derivatized polysaccharides made by the method of claim 1 and from about 85 to about 98 pbw of water.
10 . A method for making crosslinked derivatized polysaccharides, comprising:
(a) contacting particles of a polysaccharide with a titanium compound in an aqueous medium under conditions appropriate to intra-particulately crosslink the particles;
(b) reacting, prior to or subsequent to the step of contacting the particles of polysaccharide with the titanium compound, the particles of polysaccharide with a derivatizing agent under conditions appropriate to produce derivatized polysaccharide particles;
(c) depolymerizing the particles of polysaccharide either (i) prior to or subsequent to the step of contacting the particles with the titanium compound or (ii) prior to or subsequent to the step of reacting the particles with the derivatizing agent; and
(d) washing the crosslinked and derivatized particles.
11 . The method of claim 10 wherein step (b) comprises reacting, after the step of contacting the particles of polysaccharide with the titanium compound, the particles of polysaccharide with a derivatizing agent under conditions appropriate to produce derivatized polysaccharide particles.
12 . The method of claim 10 wherein step (b) comprises reacting, prior to the step of contacting the particles of polysaccharide with the titanium compound, the particles of polysaccharide with a derivatizing agent under conditions appropriate to produce derivatized polysaccharide particles.
13 . The method of claim 10 wherein the titanium compound is selected from the group consisting of titanium (II), titanium (III), titanium (IV), titanium (VI) compounds and mixtures thereof.
14 . The method of claim 10 wherein the titanium compound is selected from the group consisting of a titanium salt, a titanium chelate, a titanium ester and mixtures thereof.
15 . The method of claim 10 wherein the titanium compound is selected from the group consisting of titanium tetrachloride, titanium tetrabromide, tetra amino titanate, titanium acetylacetonate, triethanolamine titanate, titanium lactate, n-butyl polytitanate, titanium tetrapropanolate, octyleneglycol titanate, tetra-n-butyl titanate, tetra-n-butyl titanate, tetra-2-ethylhexyl titanate, tetra-isopropyl titanate tetra-isopropyl titanate, diisopropyl di-triethanolamino titanate, titanium ortho ester, titanium (IV) chloride and mixtures thereof.
16 . A crosslinked derivatized polysaccharide composition comprising, based on 100 parts by weight (pbw) of the composition, from about 1 to about 30 pbw of crosslinked derivatized polysaccharides made by the method of claim 10 , from about 65 to about 95 pbw of water, and from about 5 to about 20 pbw of an electrolyte.
17 . The polysaccharide composition of claim 16 wherein the electrolyte is selected from the group consisting of an alkali metal, ammonium salt, sodium chloride, sodium citrate, sodium sulfate and mixtures thereof.
18 . A method for making crosslinked derivatized polysaccharides, comprising:
(a) reacting the particles of polysaccharide with a derivatizing agent under conditions appropriate to produce derivatized polysaccharide particles;
(b) washing the derivatized particles;
(c) contacting, concurrently with or after the step of washing the derivatized particles, the derivatized particles with a titanium compound under conditions appropriate to intra-particulately crosslink the particles.
19 . The method of claim 18 wherein the titanium compound is selected from the group consisting of titanium (II), titanium (III), titanium (IV), titanium (VI) compounds and mixtures thereof.
20 . The method of claim 18 wherein the titanium compound is selected from the group consisting of a titanium salt, a titanium chelate, a titanium ester and mixtures thereof.
21 . The method of claim 18 wherein the titanium compound is selected from the group consisting of titanium tetrachloride, titanium tetrabromide, tetra amino titanate, titanium acetylacetonate, triethanolamine titanate, titanium lactate, n-butyl polytitanate, titanium tetrapropanolate, octyleneglycol titanate, tetra-n-butyl titanate, tetra-n-butyl titanate, tetra-2-ethylhexyl titanate, tetra-isopropyl titanate tetra-isopropyl titanate, diisopropyl di-triethanolamino titanate, titanium ortho ester, titanium (IV) chloride and mixtures thereof.