Substation based high voltage uninterruptible power supply
View Patent ↗A power supply includes an isolation transformer. The isolation transformer includes a primary winding and N secondary windings, where N is an integer. The primary winding receives a first alternating current voltage. Each of the N secondary windings generates a second alternating current voltage. M rectifiers convert the second alternating current voltages to a direct current voltage, where M is an integer. X inverters convert the direct current voltage to a third alternating current voltage, where X is an integer. A reference transformer is electrically coupled between the X inverters and output terminals of the power supply, is connected in parallel with the output terminals, and is configured to provide at least one of a neutral reference and a ground reference.
1. A higher power uninterruptible power supply comprising:
an isolation transformer that comprises:
a primary winding that receives a first alternating current voltage; and
a secondary winding that generates a second alternating current voltage;
a rectifier coupled to the secondary winding that converts the secondary alternating current voltage to a direct current voltage that is provided to a primary direct current bus;
an inverter having an input coupled to the primary direct current bus that converts the direct current voltage to a third alternating current voltage that is coupled to an output of the high power uninterruptible power supply;
a back-up power source coupled to the primary direct current bus; and
a partially rated reference transformer that is electrically coupled in parallel with the output of the high power uninterruptible power supply and that is configured to provide at least one of a neutral reference and a ground reference;
wherein the UPS has a rating of at least one MVA.
2. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein the third alternating current voltage has a voltage amplitude that is less than a voltage amplitude of the second alternating current voltage.
3. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein the third alternating current voltage has a voltage amplitude that is less than a voltage amplitude of the direct current voltage.
4. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein the reference transformer includes a center terminal that is connected to at least one of a neutral reference terminal and a ground terminal.
5. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein the reference transformer is a zig-zag transformer.
6. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein the reference transformer is rated for less than 20% of a maximum rated output current of the power supply.
7. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein the isolation transformer includes a plurality of secondary windings and the rectifier including a rectifier for each secondary winding having an input coupled to that secondary winding, the rectifiers phase shafted with respect to each other to reduce total harmonic distortion.
8. The apparatus of claim 7 wherein the UPS is a twelve pulse UPS with the isolation transformer including two secondary windings and two rectifiers, each of the rectifiers including six power switches, the rectifiers phase shifted thirty degrees with respect to each other to cancel 5 th and 7 th harmonics.
9. The apparatus of claim 7 wherein the UPS is an eighteen pulse UPS with the isolation transformer including first, second and third secondary windings and first, second and third rectifiers, each of the rectifiers including six power switches, the second rectifier phase shifted twenty degrees with respect to the first and third rectifiers and the third rectifier phase shifted forty degrees with respect to the first rectifier to cancel 5 th , 7 th , 11 th and 13 th harmonics.
10. The apparatus of claim 7 wherein the UPS is a twenty-four pulse UPS with the isolation transformer including first, second, third and fourth secondary windings and first, second, third and fourth rectifiers, each of the rectifiers including six power switches, the second rectifier phase shifted fifteen degrees from the first and third rectifiers and forty degrees from the fourth rectifier, the third rectifier phase shifted phase shifted by fifteen degrees from the fourth rectifier and by thirty degrees from the first rectifier to cancel 5 th , 7 th , 11 th , 13 th , 17 th and 19 th harmonics.
11. The power supply of claim 1 further comprising a filter coupled between the inverter and the output terminals.
12. The power supply of claim 11 wherein the filter comprises:
an inductor that is connected in series between the inverter and the output terminals; and
a capacitor that is connected in parallel with two of the output terminals.
13. The power supply of claim 7 wherein at least one the secondary windings includes a filter that removes a harmonic that is not cancelled out by the out of phase relationship of the rectifiers.