Jet fuel compositions
View Patent ↗Provided herein are, among other things, fuel compositions and methods of making and using the same. In some embodiments, the fuel compositions provided herein comprise a mixture of limonane and farnesane. In other embodiments, the fuel compositions provided herein comprise a mixture of limonene, farnesane, p-cymene and a petroleum-based fuel or a Fischer-Tropsch-based fuel. In still other embodiments, the fuel compositions provided herein comprise a mixture of limonene, farnesane, p-cymene, a petroleum-based fuel or a Fischer-Tropsch-based fuel and a fuel additive.
1. A fuel composition comprising:
(a) limonane in an amount that is at least 5% by volume, based on the total volume of the fuel composition; and
(b) farnesane in an amount that is at least 5% by volume, based on the total volume of the fuel composition.
2. The fuel composition of claim 1 , wherein the density of the fuel composition at 15° C. is from about 775 kg/m 3 to about 840 kg/m 3 .
3. The fuel composition of claim 1 , wherein the fuel composition further comprises p-cymene in an amount that is at least 0.5% by volume, based on the total volume of the fuel composition.
4. The fuel composition of claim 1 , wherein the fuel composition further comprises a petroleum-based fuel.
5. The fuel composition of claim 1 wherein the fuel composition further comprises a Fischer-Tropsch-based fuel.
6. The fuel composition of claim 1 wherein the farnesane is
or a combination thereof.
7. The fuel composition of claim 1 , wherein the limonane is
or a combination thereof.
8. The fuel composition of claim 1 , wherein the fuel composition further comprises a fuel additive selected from the group consisting of an oxygenate, an antioxidant, a thermal stability improver, a stabilizer, a cold flow improver, a combustion improver, an anti-foam, an anti-haze additive, a corrosion inhibitor, a lubricity improver, an icing inhibitor, an injector cleanliness additive, a smoke suppressant, a drag reducing additive, a metal deactivator, a dispersant, a detergent, a de-emulsifier, a dye, a marker, a static dissipater, a biocide, and combinations thereof.
9. The fuel composition of claim 1 , comprising:
(a) limonane in an amount that is from about 15% to about 60% by volume;
(b) farnesane in an amount that is from about 5% to about 45% by volume;
(c) p-cymene in an amount that is from about 0.5% to about 25% by volume; and
(d) a petroleum-based fuel or a Fischer-Tropsch-based fuel in an amount that is at least 20% by volume,
wherein all amounts are based on the total volume of the fuel composition.
10. The fuel composition of claim 9 , wherein the fuel composition has a density from about 750 kg/m 3 to about 840 kg/m 3 at 15° C., and a difference between T 90 and T 10 temperatures of at least 10° C.
11. The fuel composition of claim 9 , wherein the limonane is
or a combination thereof.
12. The fuel composition of claim 9 , wherein the farnesane is
or a combination thereof.
13. The fuel composition of claim 9 , that comprises a petroleum-based fuel selected from kerosene, Jet A, Jet A-1, Jet B and combinations thereof.
14. The fuel composition of claim 1 , comprising:
(a) limonane in an amount that is from about 15% to about 30% by volume;
(b) farnesane in an amount that is from about 10% to about 30% by volume;
(c) p-cymene in an amount that is from about 0.5% to about 20% by volume;
(d) a petroleum-based fuel or a Fischer-Tropsch-based fuel in an amount that is at least 40% by volume; and
(e) a fuel additive,
wherein all amounts are based on the total volume of the fuel composition.
15. The fuel composition of claim 14 , wherein the fuel composition has a density from about 750 kg/m 3 to about 840 kg/m 3 at 15° C., and a difference between T 90 and T 10 temperatures of at least 10° C.
16. The fuel composition of claim 14 , wherein the fuel additive is at least one additive selected from the group consisting of an oxygenate, an antioxidant, a thermal stability improver, a stabilizer, a cold flow improver, a combustion improver, an anti-foam, an anti-haze additive, a corrosion inhibitor, a lubricity improver, an icing inhibitor, an injector cleanliness additive, a smoke suppressant, a drag reducing additive, a metal deactivator, a dispersant, a detergent, a de-emulsifier, a dye, a marker, a static dissipater, a biocide, and combinations thereof.
17. The fuel composition of claim 14 , wherein the fuel additive is an antioxidant.
18. The fuel composition of claim 14 , wherein the fuel composition comprises a petroleum-based fuel.
19. The fuel composition of claim 14 , wherein the fuel composition meets the ASTM D 1655 specification for Jet A, Jet A-1 or Jet B.
20. The fuel composition of claim 14 , wherein the fuel composition comprises a Fischer-Tropsch-based fuel.