Triblock polymers and polymer coatings

1. A polymer comprising at least three blocks, the first block comprising poly(styrene), the second block comprising poly(ethylene-random-butylene), and a third block comprising functionalized poly(isoprene);

wherein repeating units of the functionalized poly(isoprene) block comprise hydroxyl groups and one or more ether linked side chains comprising R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , R 6 , or a combination thereof;

wherein R 1 is —(OCH 2 CH 2 ) n OCH 3 wherein each n is independently 8-16;

R 2 is —O(CH 2 ) x (CF 2 ) y F wherein each x and y are independently 2-12;

R 3 is —(OCH 2 CH 2 ) q (CF 2 CF 2 ) r F wherein each q is independently 1 to about 25 and each r is independently 0 to about 18;

R 4 is —(OCH 2 OCH 2 ) n OC 6 H 4 (CH 2 ) n CH 3 wherein each n is independently 6-16;

R 5 is —(OCH 2 OCH 2 ) n (CH 2 ) n CH 3 wherein each n is independently 8-16;

R 6 is —(OCH 2 OCH 2 ) n (CH 2 ) 3 Si(CH 3 )(OSi(CH 3 ) 3 ) 2 wherein each n is independently 8-16.

2. The polymer of claim 1 wherein the poly(styrene) block has a molecular weight of about 4,000 to about 12,000, the poly(ethylene-random-butylene) block has a number average molecular weight of about 15,000 to about 50,000, and the functionalized poly(isoprene) block is derived from a poly(isoprene) block of a number average molecular weight of about 5,000 to about 25,000.

3. The polymer of claim 1 wherein the one or more ether linked side chains comprise at least R 1 and R 2 , and wherein at least about 5% of the repeating units of the functionalized poly(isoprene) block have R 1 side chains and at least about 3% of the repeating units of the functionalized poly(isoprene) block have R 2 side chains.

4. The polymer of claim 1 wherein the one or more ether linked side chains comprise at least R 1 , and wherein n of R 1 is about 12.

5. The polymer of claim 1 wherein the one or more ether linked side chains comprise at least R 2 , and wherein each x and each y of R 2 are independently about 2, 4, 6, 8, or 10.

6. The polymer of claim 1 wherein the one or more ether linked side chains comprise at least R 3 , and wherein each q and each r of R 3 are about 3 to about 15.

7. The polymer of claim 1 wherein the one or more ether linked side chains comprise at least R 4 , R 5 , and R 6 , and wherein each n of R 4 is about 7 to about 10; each n of R 5 is about 10 to about 15; and each n of R 6 is about 10.

8. The polymer of claim 1 wherein about 5% to about 40% of the repeating units of the functionalized poly(isoprene) block have R 1 side chains.

9. The polymer of claim 1 wherein about 3% to about 60% of the repeating units of the functionalized poly(isoprene) block have R 2 side chains.

10. An antifouling coating comprising a surface layer comprising the polymer of claim 1 and a base layer comprising a thermoplastic elastomeric polymer, and optionally one or more adhesion layers, primer layers, or both.

11. The antifouling coating of claim 10 wherein the coating exhibits antifouling properties toward one or more of marine algae, algal spores or sporelings, bacterial cells, diatoms, protozoa, and barnacles, in a marine environment.

12. The antifouling coating of claim 10 wherein the one or more ether linked side chains comprise at least R 1 and R 2 , and the functionalized poly(isoprene) block has a higher percentage of R 1 side chains than R 2 side chains, wherein the coating promotes release of Ulva sporelings from the coating in a marine environment.

13. The antifouling coating of claim 10 wherein the one or more ether linked side chains comprise at least R 1 and R 2 , and wherein the functionalized poly(isoprene) block is derived from a poly(isoprene) block having a average molecular weight of about 8,000 to about 22,000, the functionalized poly(isoprene) block has a higher percentage of R 1 side chains than R 2 side chains, and the coating resists settlement of Ulva spores to a greater extent than poly(dimethylsiloxane) coatings.

14. The antifouling coating of claim 10 wherein the one or more ether linked side chains comprise at least R 1 and R 2 , and wherein the functionalized poly(isoprene) block has a higher percentage of R 2 side chains than R 1 side chains, wherein the coating promotes detachment of Navicula diatoms from the coating in a marine environment.

15. The antifouling coating of claim 10 wherein the coating results in less barnacle cyprid larvae settlement than poly(styrene-ethylene-butylene-styrene) polymer surfaces or poly(dimethylsiloxane) surfaces in a marine environment.

16. A polymer comprising formula I:

wherein

m 1 is about 50 to about 120;

n 1 and n 2 are selected so that block m 2 has a number average molecular weight of about 15,000 to about 50,000;

m 3 is about 75 to about 375;

r indicates that the arrangement of individual n 1 and n 2 units within block m 2 is random;

Z* indicates that the arrangement of individual n 2 units and m 3 units is reversible such that the ethyl side group may reside on either carbon of the n 2 unit, and R a may reside on either of the internal carbons of the m 3 unit;

in each individual subunit m 3 , one of R a and R b is —OH and the other is R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , R 6 , H, or OH;

wherein R 1 is —(OCH 2 CH 2 ) n OCH 3 wherein each n is independently 8-16;

R 2 is —O(CH 2 ) x (CF 2 ) y F wherein each x and y are independently 2-12;

R 3 is —(OCH 2 CH 2 ) q (CF 2 CF 2 ) r F wherein each q is independently 1 to about 25 and each r is independently 0 to about 18;

R 4 is —(OCH 2 OCH 2 ) n OC 6 H 4 (CH 2 ) n CH 3 wherein each n is independently 6-16;

R 5 is —(OCH 2 OCH 2 ) n (CH 2 ) n CH 3 wherein each n is independently 8-16;

R 6 is —(OCH 2 OCH 2 ) n (CH 2 ) 3 Si(CH 3 )(OSi(CH 3 ) 3 ) 2 wherein each n is independently 8-16;

and at least 1% of R a and R b groups, combined, are R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , R 6 , or a combination thereof.

17. A polymer comprising at least three blocks, the first block comprising poly(styrene), the second block comprising poly(ethylene-random-butylene), and a third block comprising functionalized poly(isoprene);

wherein repeating units of the functionalized poly(isoprene) block comprise hydroxyl groups and ether linked side chains R 1 and R 2 ;

wherein R 1 is —(OCH 2 CH 2 ) n OCH 3 wherein each n is independently 8-16, and R 2 is —O(CH 2 ) x (CF 2 ) y F wherein each x and y are independently 2-12; and

wherein at least about 5% of the repeating units of the functionalized poly(isoprene) block have R 1 side chains and at least about 3% of the repeating units of the functionalized poly(isoprene) block have R 2 side chains.

18. A polymer comprising formula II:

wherein

m 1 is about 50 to about 120;

n 1 and n 2 are selected so that block m 2 has a number average molecular weight of about 20,000 to about 30,000;

m 3 is about 75 to about 375;

r indicates that the arrangement of individual n 1 and n 2 units within block m 2 is random;

z* indicates that the arrangement of individual n 2 units and m 3 units is reversible such that the ethyl side group may reside on either carbon of the n 2 unit, and R a may reside on either of the internal carbons of the m 3 unit;

in each individual subunit m 3 , one of R a and R b is —OH and the other is R 1 , R 2 , H, or OH;

wherein R 1 is —(OCH 2 CH 2 ) n OCH 3 wherein n is 8-16, and R 2 is —O(CH 2 ) x (CF 2 ) y F wherein x and y are each independently 2-12; and

wherein at least about 5% of m 3 is units have R 1 side chains and at least about 3% of m 3 units have R 2 side chains.

19. A polymer comprising at least three blocks, the first block comprising poly(styrene), the second block comprising poly(ethylene-random-butylene), and a third block comprising functionalized poly(isoprene);

wherein repeating units of the functionalized poly(isoprene) block comprise hydroxyl groups and ether linked side chains R 3 ;

wherein R 3 is —(OCH 2 CH 2 ) q (CF 2 CF 2 ) r F where each q is independently 1 to about 25 and each r is independently 1 to about 18; and

wherein at least about 3% of the repeating units of the functionalized poly(isoprene) block have R 3 side chains.

20. A polymer comprising formula III:

wherein

m 1 is about 50 to about 120;

n 1 and n 2 are selected so that block m 2 has a number average molecular weight of about 20,000 to about 30,000;

m 3 is about 75 to about 375;

r indicates that the arrangement of individual n 1 and n 2 units within block m 2 is random;

z* indicates that the arrangement of individual n 2 units and m 3 units is reversible such that the ethyl side group may reside on either carbon of the n 2 unit, and R a may reside on either of the internal carbons of the m 3 unit;

in each individual subunit m 3 , one of R a and R b is —OH and the other is R 3 , H, or OH;

wherein R 3 is —(OCH 2 CH 2 ) q (CF 2 CF 2 ) r F where each q is independently 1 to about 25 and each r is independently 1 to about 18; and at least about 3% of m 3 is units have R 3 side chains.

21. An antifouling coating comprising a surface layer comprising the polymer of claim 1 , and a base layer comprising a thermoplastic elastomeric polymer having a Young's modulus of less than 5 MPa.